Dose Estimate of radon radioactive pollutants in samples of phosphate fertilizers and pesticides

Proceeding from the fact that agriculture is a long process of intensification through which society sought to meet its ever-increasing needs for food, and the necessity of countries to meet the needs of their populations, which made them resort to various means to meet these needs and as a result of the steady increase in the use of phosphate fertilizers in particular so that agriculture does not become a cause of exacerbation of environmental pollution with materials Radioactive substances and toxins that pose a significant danger to human life and living organisms, with the accompanying dangerous pathological phenomena. This research measured the concentration of radioactive pollutants in phosphate fertilizers. A s well as analyzing the radon levels in phosphate fertilizers and pesticide samples obtained from marketplaces in Iraq. Radiological parameters were measured using nuclear track detectors to calculate yearly effective exposure levels and the corresponding cancer risk. The acquired data were compared to the UNSCEAR's recommended limits and were determined to be within them

Reference Ranges for the Clinical Laboratory Derived from a Rural Population in Kericho, Kenya

The conduct of Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials internationally necessitates the development of region-specific clinical reference ranges for trial enrolment and participant monitoring. A population based cohort of adults in Kericho, Kenya, a potential vaccine trial site, allowed development of clinical laboratory reference ranges. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed on 1293 HIV seronegative study participants. Hematology and clinical chemistry were performed on up to 1541 cohort enrollees. The ratio of males to females was 1.9∶1. Means, medians and 95% reference ranges were calculated and compared with those from other nations. The median CD4+ T cell count for the group was 810 cells/µl. There were significant gender differences for both red and white blood cell parameters. Kenyan subjects had lower median hemoglobin concentrations (9.5 g/dL; range 6.7–11.1) and neutrophil counts (1850 cells/µl; range 914–4715) compared to North Americans. Kenyan clinical chemistry reference ranges were comparable to those from the USA, with the exception of the upper limits for bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen, which were 2.3-fold higher and 1.5-fold lower, respectively. This study is the first to assess clinical reference ranges for a highland community in Kenya and highlights the need to define clinical laboratory ranges from the national community not only for clinical research but also care and treatment

Digestibility of local feed ingredients in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, determined on faeces collected by siphoning or stripping

Eight locally available protein source ingredients in Tanzania were selected for assessment of apparent digestibility (AD) in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, using faeces samples collected by siphoning or stripping. The selected protein source ingredients were Lake Victoria sardines (FM), brewers spent yeast (BSY), moringa leaves (ML), freshwater shrimp (FSH), marine shrimp (MSH), cattle blood (CB), duckweed (DW) and fish frames (FF). The AD (%) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) was unaffected (p > 0.782–0.901) by the faeces collection method (i.e., siphoning or stripping), with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.93 between AD values for DM, OM and CP, respectively, following siphoning and stripping. The AD (%) of DM, OM, CP and gross energy (GE) in the test ingredients differed (p < 0.0001). The AD (%) of DM and OM was lowest in BSY and DW, followed in increasing order by ML, MSH, FF, FSH and CB. In general, the AD (%) of CP was high (>76%), but with a low value (46%) for DW. The AD (%) of GE was closely correlated (r = 0.96) with the AD of OM. In conclusion, FSH, MSH, CB, FF, BSY and ML have acceptable protein digestibility to be used in tilapia diet formulation

Comparison of Lymphocyte Reference Ranges from Kericho, Kenya with those from other countries.

a<p>: Reference ranges provided by Becton-Dickinson with the MultiTEST IMK Kit Reagent package (12/2000;23-3602-02).</p>b<p>:NA-Not Available.</p

Clinical Chemistry reference ranges (median and 95th-percentile) derived from HIV-seronegative adults in Kericho, Kenya.

a<p>: P value of <0.05 using the Wilcoxon rank test.</p

Hematology reference ranges from Kericho, Kenya compared to other sources in Africa and the United States of America.

a<p>: NA-Not Available.</p

Hematology reference ranges (median and 95th-percentile) derived from HIV-seronegative adults in Kericho, Kenya.

a<p>: P value of <0.05 using the Wilcoxon rank test.</p