Fundamental thresholds of realistic quantum error correction circuits from classical spin models

Mapping the decoding of quantum error correcting (QEC) codes to classical disordered statistical mechanics models allows one to determine critical error thresholds of QEC codes under phenomenological noise models. Here, we extend this mapping to admit realistic, multi-parameter noise models of faulty QEC circuits, derive the associated strongly correlated classical spin models, and illustrate this approach for a quantum repetition code with faulty stabilizer readout circuits. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to study the resulting phase diagram and benchmark our results against a minimum-weight perfect matching decoder. The presented method provides an avenue to assess fundamental thresholds of QEC circuits, independent of specific decoding strategies, and can thereby help guiding the development of near-term QEC hardware

Net-zero 1.5 °C sectorial pathways for G20 countries: energy and emissions data to inform science-based decarbonization targets

This paper documents data for global, regional (EU-27), and country-specific (G20 member countries) energy and emission pathways required to achieve a defined carbon budget of between 400 GtCO2 and 500 GtCO2, developed to limit the mean global temperature rise to 1.5 °C, over 50% likelihood. The data were calculated with the 1.5 °C sectorial pathways of the One Earth Climate Model—an integrated energy assessment model devised at the University of Technology Sydney. The data consist of the following six zip-folder datasets (refer to Sect. 2 for an explanation of the data): (1) Appendix folder: Each file contains one worksheet, which summarizes the overall 1.5 °C scenario. (2) Sector folder (XLSX): Each file contains one worksheet, which summarizes the industry sectors analysed. (3) Sector folder (CSV): The data contained are the same as those described in point 2. (4) Sector emissions folder: Each file contains one worksheet, which summarizes the total annual emissions for each industry sector. (5) Scope emissions folder (XLSX): Each file contains one worksheet, which summarizes the total annual emissions for each industry sector—with the additional specificity of emission scope. (6) Scope emissions folder (CSV): The data contained are the same as those described in point 5

The role of multi-slice computed tomography in stable angina management: a current perspective

Contrast-enhanced CT coronary angiography (CTCA) has evolved as a reliable alternative imaging modality technique and may be the preferred initial diagnostic test in patients with stable angina with intermediate pre-test probability of CAD. However, because CTCA is moderately predictive for indicating the functional significance of a lesion, the combination of anatomic and functional imaging will become increasingly important. The technology will continue to improve with better spatial and temporal resolution at low radiation exposure, and CTCA may eventually replace invasive coronary angiography. The establishment of the precise role of CTCA in the diagnosis and management of patients with stable angina requires high-quality randomised study designs with clinical outcomes as a primary outcome