Evaluation of image processing technique in identifying rice blast disease in field conditions based on KNN algorithm improvement by K‐means

Nowadays, rice farming is affected by various diseases that are economically significant and worthy of attention. One of these diseases is blast. Rice blast is one of the most important limiting factors in rice yield. The purpose of this study is the timely and rapid diagnosis of rice blast based on the image processing technique in field conditions. To do so, color images were prepared using image processing technique and improved KNN algorithm by K-means was used to classify the images in Lab color space to detect disease spots on rice leaves. Squared classification was based on Euclidean distance, and the Otsu method was used to perform an automatic threshold histogram of images based on shape or to reduce the gray level in binary images. Finally, to determine the efficiency of the designed algorithm, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were examined. The classification results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the designed algorithm were 92% and 91.7%, respectively, in the determination of the number of disease spots, and 96% and 95.65% in determining the quality of disease spots. The overall accuracy of the designed algorithm was 94%. Generally, the results obtained showed that the above method has a great potential for timely diagnosis of rice blast

In vitro-in vivo evaluation of tetrahydrozoline-loaded ocular in situ gels on rabbits for allergic conjunctivitis management

okur, mehmet evren/0000-0001-7706-6452; Ustundag Okur, Neslihan/0000-0002-3210-3747WOS: 000529749900001PubMed: 32359095Ocular allergy is one of the most common disorders of the eye surface. the conventional eye drops lack of therapeutic efficacy due to low ocular bioavailability and decreased drug residence time on eye surface. Hence, the present research work aimed to formulate, optimize, and evaluate the in situ gel for ophthalmic drug delivery. the prepared in situ gel formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH, gelling capacity, viscosity, osmolality, in vitro release study, and kinetic evaluation. ex vivo corneal permeation/penetration study using goat and in vivo studies on rabbits were also performed. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy was also applied to study possible interactions between drug and polymers. the formulations found to be stable, nonirritant, and showed sustained release of the drug for a period of up to 24 hr with no ocular damage. the developed in situ gels loaded with tetrahydrozoline are alternative and promising ocular candidates for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis