Atomisation of nanometre-scaled jasmine flower extracts using electrospray method

The present work demonstrated the application of a non-thermal technique to solidify nanometre-scaled atomised droplet using electrostatic atomiser or electrospray. The droplets were prepared in an aqueous solution, and consisted of bioactive compounds extracted from jasmine flower. The jasmine flower extracts were electrosprayed at various concentrations of 5, 15, and 25 wt%, with the working distances between the needle’s tip to an aluminium collector being 10, 20, and 30 cm. During the process, the water evaporation rate decreased from 2.02 to 1.02 nm3/s when the distance was increased from 10 to 30 cm at 5 wt% concentration. The same decreasing evaporation rate pattern was also observed when the concentration was increased from 5 to 25 wt%. On the contrary, increasing droplet fission numbers were observed as the distance was increased from 10 to 30 cm (i.e., from 7 to 406 at 25 wt% concentration) due to the electrostatic charge increment per unit area as the water left the droplet surface. Therefore, water evaporation and droplet fission number are important for solidifying the compounds when the droplets have exceeded their Rayleigh limit

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Not AvailableMannheimia haemolytica is a leading causative agent of pasteurellosis in ruminants. Genome of M. haemolytica strains from different hosts has been sequenced worldwide to understand its pathogenesis. There are only few reports on the isolation of M. haemolytica in India with limited information on its molecular characteristics. The present study focuses on genome sequence analysis of a M. haemolytica strain isolated from pneumonic sheep. Mannheimia haemolytica A2 strain NIVEDI/MH/1 was isolated and identified by species and serotype-specific PCRs. Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. A comparative genomic analysis was performed to understand the virulence determinants of the Indian strain and its phylogenetic relationship with other global strains. Sequence data revealed a draft genome of 2,211,426 bp size with 41.3% GC content, assembled into 17 contigs, and contained 2379 genes. Five genomic islands identified in the genome showed high sequence identity with other respiratory pathogens of the Pasteurellaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis showed M. haemolytica A2 NIVEDI/MH/1 is very close to a M. haemolytica A2 strain from pneumonic calf. Further, the analysis revealed the presence of virulence, metal-, and multidrug resistance genes needed for pathogenesis and survival of the bacteria during infection. Also, we identified the presence of type I-C and type II-C of CRISPR-Cas arrays in the present sequenced genome. The study emphasizes the role of M. haemolytica in respiratory infections of ruminants in the Indian subcontinent and indicates the role of vertical and horizontal gene pools in pathogenicity and survivability of the bacteria.Not Availabl