Characterization of Bacillus Megaterium and Bacillus Mycoides Bacteria as Probiotic Bacteria in Fish and Shrimp Feed

This study was designed to identify probiotic characteristics and test the cellulolytic ability of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides bacteria for probiotic microbe candidates in fish and shrimp feed. The identification of the cellulolytic and amylolytic abilities of these bacteria was obtained by non-experimental method and descriptive analysis. Results indicated that the maximum growth of B. megaterium was observed after six hours at 35.62 x 1010 (CFU), while B. mycoides was after 30 hours at 42.6 x 1010 (CFU). Macroscopic observation showed that the colony of B. megaterium was concave and smooth, while B. mycoides was flat, relatively rough, with silken threads around the colony. Both bacteria had a milky white color, bacillus shape, Gram positive, and sporous. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. megaterium were 3,974 units/ml and 1,831 units/ml respectively. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. mycoides were 3,506 units/ml and 3,730 units/ml respectively. This study concludes that both bacteria could be used in fish feed. Keywords: Characterization, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, probiotic microbes, feed

Hibridisasi Silang Balik Tembakau Temanggung Untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Terhadap Penyakit "Lincat"

Back cross hibridization of Temanggung tobacco for in¬ creasing the lincat disease resistanceThe back cross hibidization of Temanggung tobacco lines for increas¬ ing the " lincat" disease resistances was conducted Temanggung in 1997. The aim of this experiment was to produce some new Temanggung tobacco lines which ae resistant to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and bacteial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) and have high productivity and grade index. These treatments consisted of eleven selected tobacco lines from the segregating progenies of crossing beetween Virginia and Temanggung to¬ bacco and the two Temanggung tobacco cua'vars arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The esults of this experiment showed that thee new tobacco lines (BC3.C-51, BC3.C-86, BC3.SG-86) were esis¬ tant toMeloidogyne spp. and P. solanacearum. The productivity of BC3.C-86 and BC3.SG-86 lines inceased 60.12% and 38.69% compared with Genjah Kemloko line. The productivity of BC3.C-5I line was equal to Genjah Kemloko, its quality raised 9.18%, and early loweing (dwarf* 69.65 days)