Two-dimensional tetramer-cuprate Na5RbCu4(AsO4)4Cl2: phase transitions and AFMorder as seen by 87Rb NMR

We report the Rb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results in a recently synthesized Na5RbCu4(AsO4)Cl2. This complex novel two-dimensional (2D) cuprate is an unique magnetic material, which contains layers of coupled Cu4O4 tetramers. In zero applied magnetic field, it orders antiferromagnetically via a second-order low-entropy phase transition at TN = 15(1) K. We characterise the ordered state by 87Rb NMR, and suggest for it a noncollinear rather than collinear arrangement of spins. We discuss the properties of Rb nuclear site and point out the new structural phase transition(s) around 74 K and 110 K.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of SCES'05, Vienna 200

ANALISIS DEBIT BANJIR DAN TINGGI MUKA AIR SUNGAI PINATEDUAN DI DESA TATELU KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

Salah satu fenomena alam yang mengancam keberadaan hidup manusia setiap masuk musim penghujan adalah banjir. Sungai Pinateduan memiliki luas DAS 38,1228 km2 merupakan salah satu sungai di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang melewati Desa Tatelu Kecamatan Dimembe. Sungai ini mengalir melewati kawasan pemukiman penduduk. Meluapnya Sungai Pinateduan sangat berpotensi menimbulkan bencana banjir, dikarenakan bertemunya 3 sungai kecil. Pada penelitian ini perkiraan debit banjir rencana di Sungai Pinateduan dilakukan dengan analisis hidrologi untuk mengetahui besaran debit banjir rencana. Debit banjir rencana adalah debit maksimum pada suatu sungai dengan periode tertentu. Analisis menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu metode data debit tersedia ataupun tidak tersedia data debit. Sungai Pinateduan memiliki data debit pengukuran sehingga tidak di perlukan analisis curah hujan. Data debit harian maksimum selama 10 tahun, yaitu dari tahun 2007 s/d 2018 berasal dari pos pengukuran debit Talawaan. Dilakukan analisis frekuensi debit dengan kala ulang 5, 10, 50, dan 100 tahun. Analisis Hidraulika untuk prediksi elevasi tinggi muka air menggunakan program HEC-RAS versi 5.07. Hasil analisis Hidraulika menggunakan program HEC-RAS versi 5.07 menunjukkan  bahwa simulasi tinggi muka air pada semua penampang sungai terukur mengalami kondisi banjir. Elavasi muka air banjir melebihi evalasi Tebing sungai. Perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian banjir antara lain berupa berupa normalisai sungai. Kata kunci: Sungai Pinateduan, Debit Banjir Rencana, Tinggi Muka Air, HEC-RA

Tackling Health Inequalities in Scotland: an Innovative Approach to Implement the ‘Early Years’ Policy into Practice

Major health inequalities existing across the world and are often closely linked with degrees of social disadvantage. Scotland is fully committed to tackling this major challenge of health and social inequalities. One key focus is ensuring that every child and young person has equal access to opportunities and health improvements. This is supported by a series of national guidelines and ‘early years’ policy drivers. To implement these policies in practice, one National Health Service (NHS) health board (Lanarkshire) in collaboration with the University of the West of Scotland (UWS), adopted an innovative approach to develop the Best Possible Start (BPS) program of focused activity to reshape ‘early years’ services and ways of working. The foundation for the program was the national transformational initiative ‘Getting it right for every child (GIRFEC)’. This is based on the belief that the developments of the child and their experiences in the early years have a major impact on the child’s future life chances. The early nurturing environment is seen crucial in influencing emotional attachment. The BPS program focused on reshaping and streamlining the related health services in the early years between preconception and early school years. This is incorporated in the universal pathway of care encompassing all ‘early years’ services and related professionals. This universal pathway of care is underpinned with evidence based practice, workforce development, building research capacity and influencing leadership in the workplace. This paper presents a detailed overview of the BPS program including the structure, strategic aims and the rationale underpinning the pathway of care

Influencing Leadership and Building Research Capacity through the Implementation of Health Policy into Practice

Leadership in nursing and midwifery is a cornerstone to guide and support teams in the dynamic and rapidly changing health environment. Developing research capacity in health is also a key factor to produce and implement a sound evidence base for practice. Internationally, building health service research capacity is a recognized essential factor to influence and inform policy and practice. This includes developing research capacity across the range of individuals and teams, organisations and networks. This paper describes how one NHS Health Board in Scotland promoted a supportive environment and activities to develop leadership and increase research capacity to support implementation of national Early Years policies into practice

Adolescents care but don't feel responsible for farm animal welfare

Adolescents are the next generation of consumers with the potential to raise standards of farm animal welfare—to theirsatisfaction—if their preferences and concerns are translated into accurate market drivers and signals. There are no published data about adolescent views of farm animal welfare to allow meaningful design, implementation, and evaluation of educational strategies to improve consideration of—and behavior toward—farm animals. Knowledge of farm animal welfare, as well as beliefs and attitudes about farm animal welfare and behavioral intention relevant to it were determined in a sample of ukadolescents, using a survey incorporating an extended version of the theory of planned behavior and novel assessment tools. Our results indicate that adolescents have only a limited knowledge of welfare problems for farm animals and welfare-relevant product labels. Intentions to identify welfare standards for the animals from whom their food was derived were weak. Although they cared about farm animal welfare and agreed with fundamental principles—for example, the provision of space and the absence of pain and suffering—like adults they held limited belief in the power and responsibility that they possess through their choices as consumers; responsibility was often shifted to others, such as the government and farmers

The Effects of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function and Neurodegeneration in Humans: A Critical Review

Oxidative stress is a key contributing factor in neurodegeneration, cognitive ageing, cognitive decline, and diminished cognitive longevity. Issues stemming from oxidative stress both in relation to cognition and other areas, such as inflammation, skin health, eye health, and general recovery, have been shown to benefit greatly from antioxidant use. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant, which has been outlined to be beneficial for cognitive function both in vitro and in vivo. Given the aforementioned promising effects, research into astaxanthin with a focus on cognitive function has recently been extended to human tissue and human populations. The present critical review explores the effects of astaxanthin on cognitive function and neurodegeneration within human populations and samples with the aim of deciphering the merit and credibility of the research findings and subsequently their potential as a basis for therapeutic use. Implications, limitations, and areas for future research development are also discussed. Key findings include the positive impacts of astaxanthin in relation to improving cognitive function, facilitating neuroprotection, and slowing neurodegeneration within given contexts

TWEAK/Fn14 Signaling Axis Mediates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Metabolic Dysfunction

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00018 TWEAK/Fn14 signaling axis mediates skeletal muscle atrophy and metabolic dysfunctio

FORMULATION AND IMMUNOSTIMULANT STABILITY POLYSACCHARIDE SYRUP OF FRACTION NONI (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.) FRUITS

Objective: The study aimed to formulate standardized polysaccharide fraction of Noni (SPFN) fruit into syrup preparations to fulfill the acceptability requirement of National Agency of Drugs and Food Control [Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik of Indonesia (BPOM RI)] so that it can be used in the community as an immunostimulant. Methods: The optimization of the formula A and B were done using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method and its stability tested under extreme temperature change effect using thaw cycling method by evaluating the physical properties, microbial contamination and immunostimulant activity. MTT method was used to determine the immunostimulant activity of syrup against lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Results: Based on the results of stability tests of formula A using pH (4.45), viscosity (81.03 mPas), taste (good taste), pouring power (2.31 s), amount of bacteria (68 colonies/ml), total yeast and mold (269 colonies/ml) parameters and fulfilled the acceptability requirement of BPOM RI. Formula A could maintain better stability than formula B. Formula A syrup used for immunostimulant activity testing that could increase lymphocyte proliferation at a concentration of 13.33 to 106.64 μg/μl and it’s stable under the influence of extreme temperature changes. Conclusion: Formula A could be used to produce SPFN syrup, which has stable physical properties and immunostimulant activity beside no microbial contamination that fulfill requirements of BPOM RI