Distinct Salivary Biomarker Profile in Chronic Periodontitis

poster abstractBackground: Saliva has potential to diagnose chronic periodontitis (CP). Changes in tissue-expression of pattern-recognition-receptors (PRRs), which recognize periodontal-pathogens, correlate with CP. It follows that PRRs-expression in nucleated-cells (NCs) shed in saliva and soluble-PRRs may differentiate CP from health. Additionally, cytokines in gingival cervical fluid (GCF) correlate with worsening CP, which may be reflected in saliva. One significant test for biomarkers is changes in response to treatment. Objectives: Comparison of CP salivary-biomarkers profile with health and to study treatment effects of scaling and root planning (SRP). Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) collection and recording of routine clinical periodontal parameters was done for two groups (n=16): healthy (H) (minimal clinical loss of attachment (CAL) and clinical inflammation) and CP (≥30% sites with ≥4mm CAL). UWS was collected at 3 different time points: before, 1-week and 6-weeks after SRP from the CP group. NCs and clarified saliva (CS) were separated from UWS. Messenger RNA was extracted from NCs and TLR-2 expression was quantitated through real-time-PCR. CS depleted of immunoglobulin and amylase to prevent large molecule interferences and diluted to 1 μg/ml of salivary-protein in PBS, normalize for variations in liquid volume, was used to quantify biomarkers through ELISA. Statistical significance between H- and CP-groups biomarkers was determined through Mann-Whitney ‘U' test and one tailed paired ‘t' test. Results: Statistically significant differences were noted for clinical profiles of H- and CP-groups and for changes after SRP within CP-group. Salivary sTLR-2, IL-17 and IL-10, were significantly higher, and sCD14, IL-6, IL-4 and TLR-2 mRNA were significantly lower in H compared to CP. In CP, salivary sTLR-2 and IL10 increased significantly at 1- and 6-weeks after SRP, whilst IL-4 decreased significantly at 6-weeks. Conclusions: Salivary biomarkers profiles are distinct between health and CP as well as before and after SRP treatment. sTLR-2, IL-10 and IL-4 may serve as short-term biomarkers for monitoring response to SRP. sCD14, TLR2-mRNA and other cytokines need exploration as long-term response biomarkers. Depletion of amylase and immunoglobulin, and normalization for total salivary protein may be important in biomarkers quantification

Lipid Granules Staining (Nile Red and Bodypy) of Different Biofuel Producing Fresh Water Microalgae Growing under Various Stress Conditions

Chlorella vulgaris and Diatoms were cultivated and maintained in different stress system like high light intensity (18:6, Light: Dark) and N2 limited condition.  After the stationary phase, the cells were stained by Nile red and Bodipy.  The slides were examined under fluorescence in situ hybridization microscopy, it showed the Chlorella vulgaris cultivated under N2 limited system yield high lipid bodies than light induced system and Stressed Diatoms.  While Bodipy is a best tool for staining algal lipid bodies than Nile Red stain.ÂÂ

Ultra Structural Analysis and Lipid Staining of Biodiesel Producing Microalgae - Chlorella vulgaris Collected from Various Ponds in Tamil Nadu, India

The present research paper describes to evaluate 10 different Microalgal lipid contents by Nile red and Bodipy staining. The ultra structural studies carried out by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The micro algal samples were collected from province of Tamil Nadu, located in Southern India.  Compare to Nile Red stain Bodipy is a specific stain for to detect lipid content present in the living algal cells. In this study clearly describe Chlorella vulgaris stained by Bodipy have shown more lipid content than other microalgae collected from various location

Comparative Study on Umbilical Cord Blood Lipid Profile between Normal and Low Birth Weight Babies

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in adulthood and has become a significant problem in our society. Increasing awareness about the origin of the atherosclerosis in early life has renewed interest in determination of various lipid fractions in paediatric age group and it is well documented that atherosclerosis may originate during fetal period. The fetal-origin hypothesis and fetal programming emphasize the profound and sustained impact of factors related to fetal health on the development of chronic disease in adulthood. Several studies suggested that low birth weight and preterm birth linked to abnormalities in cord lipid profile and higher prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hence the present study was undertaken to determine normal values of umbilical cord blood lipid profile in the local population and its correlation with birth weight and gender. OBJECTIVES: (1) To estimate and compare cord lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high density lipoprotein [HDL], low density lipoprotein [LDL], very low density lipoprotein[VLDL] in between normal and low birth weight neonates. (2) To estimate and compare cord lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high density lipoprotein [HDL], low density lipoprotein [LDL], very low density lipoprotein[VLDL] and in AGA and SGA neonates. (3) To estimate and compare cord lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high density lipoprotein [HDL], low density lipoprotein [LDL], very low density lipoprotein[VLDL] and in BOY and GIRL neonates. METHOD: After taking written informed consent, cord blood was collected immediately after delivery and sent for the lipid profile analysis by auto analyser. Neonates were examined and relevant anthropometric variables were recorded. They were classified into NORMAL and LOW birth weight neonates, as BOY and GIRL neonates and as AGA and SGA neonates based on AIIMS intrauterine growth charts. Lipid profile was compared between the above groups. RESULTS: A total of 100 neonates were studied of which 50 were NORMAL weight neonates and 50 were LOW birth weight neonates. Out of 100, 68 were AGA and 32 were SGA. Out of 100, 48 were BOYS and 52 were GIRLS. In the present study there was no statistically significant difference between male and female neonates. Cord lipid profile values were higher in LOW birth weight neonates compared to NORMAL birth weight neonates. • Cord lipid profile values were higher in SGA neonates compared to AGA neonates except for HDL (32.77 ± 09.57), which was lower in SGA neonate. • Cord lipid profiles values in LOW birth weight neonates were – TG (62.9 ± 6.43), TC (95.34 ± 14.82), HDL (24.44 ± 2.16), LDL (67.62 ± 5.42), VLDL (12.7 ± 1.75). • Cord lipid profiles values in NORMAL birth weight neonates – TC (93.94 ± 4.35), TG (42.72 ± 5.38), HDL (23.44 ± 2.56), LDL (64.86 ± 4.29), VLDL (7.88 ± 1.3). • In Cord lipid profile values total cholesterol and VLDL values were higher in LOW birth weight neonates compared to NORMAL birth wight neonates, which were statistically significant (P < 0.005). • Cord lipid profile values in SGA neonates were – TC (96.34 ± 14.82), TG (64.9±8.43), HDL (22.44 ± 3.16), LDL (64.62 ± 5.42) VLDL (8.73 ± 1.75). • Cord lipid profile values in AGA neonates were – TC (91.94 ± 4.35), TG (40.72 ± 7.38), HDL (24.44 ± 2.56), LDL (62.86 ± 4.29), VLDL (7.88 ± 1.33). • Cord lipid profile values Triglycerides were higher in SGA neonates which were statistically significant (p < 0.005) compared to AGA neonates. HDL level was lower in SGA neonate but statistically not significant. CONCLUSSION: Cord lipid profile value does not have significant correlation with gender. LOW birth weight neonates had significantly higher cord lipid profile compared to NORMAL birth weight neonates. SGA neonates had significantly higher values of Triglycerides compared to AGA neonates

The Role of Data Mining-Based Cancer Prediction system (DMBCPS) in Cancer Awareness

Cancer is one of the major problem today, diagnosing cancer in earlier stage is still challenging for doctors. Breast cancer is one of the major death causing diseases of the women today all over the world. Every year more than million women are diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide over half of them will die because of the late diagnosing of the disease. So many researches have undergone for detecting the cancer based on data mining technology each approach has its own limitations. This makes us to take up this problem and to implement the Data mining based cancer prediction System (DMBCPS). We have proposed this cancer prediction system based on data mining technology. This system estimates the risk of the breast cancer in the earlier stage. This system is validated by comparing its predicted results with patient’s prior medical information and it was analyzed by using weka system. The main aim of this model is to provide the earlier warning to the users, and it is also cost efficient to the user

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENT IN TWO DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN TAMIL NADU

Objective: The objective of the present study is to compare the prescribing patterns and cost of illness of Rheumatoid arthritis patients in two different hospitals. Methods: This is an observational study conducted in two different tertiary care hospitals in Salem district after obtaining approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) (Registration Number EC/PHARM D/2019.06). A sample size of 102 (above 18 y) patients were included (52 from group 1 hospital and 50 from group 2 hospital). The study was conducted over a period of 6 mo from February 2019 to July 2019. The cost was collected by a patient face-to-face interview. Results: Out of 102 patients, females (57.84%) patients were more prevalent than men with the age group of 50-59 y in both groups. Methotrexate was most commonly prescribed drug in group 1(36.5%), whereas in group 2 are Sulfasalazine (37%). Among the DMARDs unit cost of methotrexate is high but the monthly cost was high for Sulfasalazine, because the methotrexate is prescribed on a once-weekly basis while sulfasalazine is taken twice a day. The cost of NSAIDs comes around 46.47% of the total drug cost of the month. In steroids, cost comes around 11.73% of the total drug cost. Among the direct cost of two groups, the drug cost and transportation cost is higher when compared with other costs. Indirect costs such as lost wages, due to disease is higher in group 1. Conclusion: The study concluded that the burden of RA to the patient is huge, Appropriate standard prescribing guidelines should be developed and implementation of the rational drug must be promoted. Polypharmacy was reported in group 1 hospital, the progression of symptoms was the same in both hospitals, it increases the cost of therapy and overall cost of patients. Hence it becomes vital to diagnose and control the disease at an early stage to control the economic burden on the patient

Prospective Study to compare Intra-articular versus Intravenous Tranexemic Acid in reducing Post-operative Blood Loss in staged bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty

The number of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) performed is around two million annually worldwide and this number is expected to increase fivefold by 2025. The most common indication is osteoarthritis of the knee. Blood loss is significant during the post-operative period and blood transfusion when necessary has its own drawbacks. The use of intravenous tranexamic acid has significantly reduced blood loss. We analysed 35 patients who underwent staged bilateral TKA between August 2013 and February 2016 and had administered intra-articular tranexamic acid for one knee and intravenous tranexamic acid for the other knee. The results were analysed based on post-operative blood loss, change in haemoglobin (Hb) level and haematocrit (PCV) and the need for blood transfusion. The average postoperative blood loss was 129.57 ml and 277.71 ml for intra articular group and intravenous group respectively. A control group (no drug or placebo group) with age matched patients (n= 21) was chosen from medical records. The average blood loss in the control group was 493.81 ml. The fall in Hb level and PCV was 0.72 gm/dl and 2.62 % (Intra-articular Group), 1.36 gm/dl and 4.34 % (Intravenous Group) and 2.62 gm/dl and 5.52 % (Control). The number of transfusions were two (Intra-articular Group), five (Intravenous Group) and nine (Control). We conclude that when compared with intravenous route, intra-articular administration has significantly reduced blood loss, Hb level and PCV fall and the rate of blood transfusion

Crystal structure of isobutyl 4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-cyano-6-{(E)-[(dimethylamino)-methylidene]amino}-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate

The authors thank Dr Babu Varghese, Senior Scientific Officer SAIF, IIT Madras, India, for carrying out the data collection.Peer reviewedPublisher PD