ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THUNBERGIA FRAGRANS IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES

Objective: The aim of present research was undertaken to find out the effect of the potential Antidiabetic activity of Thunbergiafragrans and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism on alloxan induced diabetes in wistar rats. Methods: In this study the plant extract was taken and measuring the changes in Blood glucose, Body weight, Glycogen content, Hematological & biochemical parameters, Hepatic glucokinase& hexokinase activity, and Glucose-6-phosphate levels inalloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results: The effects produced by this plant extract on different parameters were compared with glipizide. Conclusion: This extract also showed improvement in the parameters like body weight, liver glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, as well as regeneration of β-cells of pancreas and so might be of value in diabetes treatmen

2-Bromo-1,2-diphenylethenyl 4-methyl­phenyl sulfoxide

In the title compound, C21H17BrO2S, the two phenyl rings attached to the ethene group are oriented at dihedral angles of 76.19 (10) and 57.99 (8)° with respect to the Br—C=C—S plane [r.m.s. deviation 0.003 Å]. The sulfonyl-bound phenyl ring forms a dihedral angle of 83.26 (8)° with the above plane. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Occurrence of teleomorphic phase of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, the incitant of black pepper anthracnose

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, the ascomycetous pathogen is a major constraint in black pepper cultivation. In the present study, surveys carried out in black pepper cultivating regions of Karnataka, India revealed the prevalence of anthracnose disease manifested as diverse array of foliar symptoms. An atypical foliar symptom was also noticed in the black pepper nurseries, characterized by grayish necrotic lesions with brown-blackish margins and randomly distributed blackish structures of pin-head size in the lesion area manifested particularly on the older leaves. The pin-head structures produced orangish exudation embedded with asci, ascospores and perithecia, when incubated under high humid conditions. Typical anthracnose symptoms were developed on susceptible host in pathogenicity studies and subsequent isolation yielded two distinct colonies designated as black and orange. The perithecia were induced artificially under in vitro conditions, which retained fertility and infectivity more than three months. Alternation of generation was observed when the perithecia were cultured on potato dextrose medium which resulted in the formation of acervuli with abundant conidiation. The results of present investigation shed light into the occurrence and potential role of perithecial (teleomorphic) phase in the survival of C. gloeosporioides s. l. infecting black pepper

Screening small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) field gene bank accessions for phenotypic characters, yield potential and disease resistance

Evaluation of 117 field gene bank accessions of small cardamom for phenotypic characters along with yield potential and disease resistance (rhizome rot and leaf blight) at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research Regional Station, Appangala revealed significant variation with respect to phenotypic characters. The highest plant height (350 cm) and number of bearing tillers (36.4) were recorded in the accessions, field gene bank (FGB) 65 and FGB 16, respectively. The highest fresh weight of capsules (399.61 g) and maximum number of capsules (244.20) plant-1 were recorded in the accession, FGB 13. Further, based on screening for disease resistance, 35 and 15 accessions of cardamom were identified as resistant to leaf blight and highly resistant to rhizome rot, respectively. Based on the multivariate cluster analysis, 117 FGB accessions were classified into 5 clusters viz., clusters 1 and 2 encompassing equal number of accessions (44), cluster 3 with one accession (FGB 10), clusters 4 and 5 with 8 and 20 accessions, respectively

Regeneration of Intrabony Defects with Nano Hydroxyapatite Graft, Derived from Eggshell along with Periosteum as Barrier Membrane under Magnification—An Interventional Study

Intrabony defects can be treated by various approaches. Use of GTR along with bone grafts is said to enhance the outcome. The periosteum has been claimed to increase the regeneration. The egg-shell-derived nano hydroxyapatite (EnHA) has shown a scope as alloplastic graft. Thus, the following study was undertaken to combine the periosteal pedicle along with EnHA for the treatment of intrabony defects under magnification to achieve optimal bone regeneration. A total of 21 patients, having intrabony defects with ≥6 mm probing depth (PD) and two or three wall defects as detected on CBCT, satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled. The sites were randomly allocated as Group A, B and C (n = 7). The following parameters, defect density and defect fill in CBCT (at baseline and 6 months), PPD, RAL, Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were recorded at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. p < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Bone density and bone fill values were found to be much higher in pedicle with EnHA and EnHA alone group and the values showed statistically significant results. The current clinical research showed that periosteal pedicle along with EnHA and EnHA as stand-alone therapy gave superior results compared to OFD alone, which is an innovative and feasible treatment option

Epidemiological parameters to delineate weather-disease interactions and host plant resistance against leaf blight in small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)

Small cardamom, the versatile spice of Zingiberaceae is cultivated in diverse agro-climatic regions of India especially in South India. Leaf blight incited by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato is one among the major challenges encountered across different cardamom growing tracts. In the present investigation, epidemiology of cardamom leaf blight was studied and an attempt was made to decipher the resistant nature of Malabar, Mysore and Vazhukka genotypes based on epidemiological parameters. The average percent disease index recorded in Malabar, Mysore and Vazhukka varied from 23.41 to 27.72, 18.79 to 20.34 and 18.74 to 20.38, respectively. The disease exhibited a positive correlation with respect to Tmax and Tmin in all the genotypes, however, significant correlation was observed only in Malabar and Mysore with respect to Tmax. Whereas, rainfall and rainy days had negative correlation with leaf blight in all genotypes however found to be non-significant. The average infection rate was maximum (0.000429) in Malabar, whereas it was 0.000124 and 0.000186 in Mysore and Vazhukka, respectively. The area under disease progress curve registered the highest for Malabar (8814.15) and lowest in Vazhukka (6531.02) while, Mysore type recorded 6612.96 indicating that, Vazhukka and Mysore types might posses horizontal resistance and Malabar with vertical resistance. In the light of above results, plant protection measures could be scheduled based on the take-off level and genotypes with horizontal resistance could be promising candidates in resistance breeding programmes

Reconciling care and justice in contesting social harm through performance and arts practice with looked after children and care leavers

The proportion of young people taken into the care of the state has increased recently and there is evidence that this social group suffer negative long-term outcomes that might be conceptualised by the emergent criminological category of ‘social harm’. This discussion is then related to debates on social work which have juxtaposed an ethics of care and justice. This paper reports findings from an innovative arts-based intervention with Looked After Children and Young People and concludes that holding these competing value sets in creative tension is central to the success of the programme in helping young people to cope with and contest social harm.DANCOP. The Mighty Creatives