Instructions to authors for case reporting are limited:A review of a core journal list

BACKGROUND: Case reports are frequently published in the health care literature, however advice on preparing such reports using the "instructions to authors" pages of journals is alleged to be limited. However, to our knowledge, this has not been formally evaluated. As roles of case reports may vary according to the case and the clinical specialities, one might expect the advice to authors to vary according to journal clinical grouping. METHODS: We surveyed the current advice available to authors of case reports from 'instructions to authors' pages of a core collection of 249 journals ('Hague' list). These were examined and compared for advice or recommendation on writing case reports. Of these, 163 (65%) published case reports and provided instructions on this publication type. Data were extracted on items of style and content of case reports, using a piloted data extraction form. RESULTS: Journals that published case reports were grouped into medical (n = 81, 50%), surgical (n = 38, 23%) and generic or multidisciplinary (n = 44, 27%) categories. There was a difference among the medical, surgical and generic or multidisciplinary journals in the maximum number of words and pages allowed but no difference in the number of figures, tables, references, authors, abstract or synopsis, indexing or key words and consent. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference among the three different categories of journals regarding the content of the case reports. CONCLUSIONS: Of the journals reviewed, we found that 'instructions to authors' pages provided limited and varied information for preparing a case report. There is a need for consensus, and more consistent guidance for authors of case report

Reduced Maladaptive Behavior and Improved Social Function in a Child with PDD-NOS Treated with Progesterone

This case report presents the use of progesterone for the regulation of an atypical menstrual cycle in a girl, aged 11 years, who is also diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The progesterone injections alleviated the prolonged, heavy monthly blood flow, but also caused significant improvements in the patient’s mood, behavior, and cognition within four weeks following the initial injections. The use of hormonal treatments, such as progesterone, to effect mood, behavior, and cognition should be further researched to determine other potential therapeutic uses

Instructions to authors for case reporting are limited: A review of a core journal list

Abstract Background Case reports are frequently published in the health care literature, however advice on preparing such reports using the "instructions to authors" pages of journals is alleged to be limited. However, to our knowledge, this has not been formally evaluated. As roles of case reports may vary according to the case and the clinical specialities, one might expect the advice to authors to vary according to journal clinical grouping. Methods We surveyed the current advice available to authors of case reports from 'instructions to authors' pages of a core collection of 249 journals ('Hague' list). These were examined and compared for advice or recommendation on writing case reports. Of these, 163 (65%) published case reports and provided instructions on this publication type. Data were extracted on items of style and content of case reports, using a piloted data extraction form. Results Journals that published case reports were grouped into medical (n = 81, 50%), surgical (n = 38, 23%) and generic or multidisciplinary (n = 44, 27%) categories. There was a difference among the medical, surgical and generic or multidisciplinary journals in the maximum number of words and pages allowed but no difference in the number of figures, tables, references, authors, abstract or synopsis, indexing or key words and consent. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference among the three different categories of journals regarding the content of the case reports. Conclusions Of the journals reviewed, we found that 'instructions to authors' pages provided limited and varied information for preparing a case report. There is a need for consensus, and more consistent guidance for authors of case report.</p

COIDS: A Clock Offset Based Intrusion Detection System for Controller Area Networks

Controller Area Network (CAN) is an in-vehicle communication protocol which provides an efficient and reliable communication link between Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in real-time. Recent studies have shown that attackers can take remote control of the targeted car by exploiting the vulnerabilities of the CAN protocol. Motivated by this fact, we propose Clock Offset-based Intrusion Detection System (COIDS) to monitor in-vehicle network and detect any intrusion. Precisely, we first measure and then exploit the clock offset of transmitter ECU's clock for fingerprinting ECU. We next leverage the derived fingerprints to construct a baseline of ECU's normal clock behaviour using an active learning technique. Based on the baseline of normal behaviour, we use Cumulative Sum method to detect any abnormal deviation in clock offset. Particularly, if the deviation in clock offset exceeds an unexpected positive or negative value, COIDS declares this change as an intrusion. Further, we use sequential change-point detection technique to determine the exact time of intrusion. We perform exhaustive experiments on real-world publicly available datasets primarily to assess the effectiveness of COIDS against three most potential attacks on CAN, i.e., DoS, impersonation and fuzzy attacks. The results show that COIDS is highly effective in defending all these three attacks. Further, the results show that COIDS considerably faster in detecting intrusion compared to a state-of-the-art solution

COIDS: A Clock Offset based Intrusion Detection System for Controller Area Networks

Controller Area Network (CAN) is an in-vehicle communication protocol which provides an efficient and reliable communication link between Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in real-time. Recent studies have shown that attackers can take remote control of the targeted car by exploiting the vulnerabilities of the CAN protocol. Motivated by this fact, we propose Clock Offset-based Intrusion Detection System (COIDS) to monitor in-vehicle network and detect any intrusion. Precisely, we first measure and then exploit the clock offset of transmitter ECU\u27s clock for fingerprinting ECU. We next leverage the derived fingerprints to construct a baseline of ECU\u27s normal clock behaviour using an active learning technique. Based on the baseline of normal behaviour, we use Cumulative Sum method to detect any abnormal deviation in clock offset. Particularly, if the deviation in clock offset exceeds an unexpected positive or negative value, COIDS declares this change as an intrusion. Further, we use sequential change-point detection technique to determine the exact time of intrusion. We perform exhaustive experiments on real-world publicly available datasets primarily to assess the effectiveness of COIDS against three most potential attacks on CAN, i.e., DoS, impersonation and fuzzy attacks. The results show that COIDS is highly effective in defending all these three attacks. Further, the results show that COIDS considerably faster in detecting intrusion compared to a state-of-the-art solution