Pathogenicity and Host Range of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris – Incitant of Black Rot of Crucifers

Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris   (Pammel) Dowson is a serious disease of cabbage in Jammu and Kashmir. Amongst different inoculation methods tested, ‘Vein inoculation’ method gave quicker symptom expression and highest lesion progression followed by ‘Hydathode inoculation’ and ‘Clip inoculation’ methods, respectively. Spray inoculation for stomatal penetration of the pathogen failed to express any symptoms. Host range studies under conditions of artificial inoculation revealed that the bacterium infected almost all the crucifer crops cultivated in Kashmir, besides some cruciferous weeds but failed to infect any of the non-cruciferous plant species tested. Key words: Black rot, cabbage, host range, pathogenicity, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Nazir A. Bhat et al. Pathogenicity and Host Range of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris – Incitant of Black Rot of Crucifers. J Phytol 2/10 (2010) 01-05

Antibiotic adjuvants: synergistic tool to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens

The rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to the field of infectious disease treatment. To overcome this problem, novel strategies are being explored to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. Antibiotic adjuvants have emerged as a promising approach to combat MDR pathogens by acting synergistically with antibiotics. This review focuses on the role of antibiotic adjuvants as a synergistic tool in the fight against MDR pathogens. Adjuvants refer to compounds or agents that enhance the activity of antibiotics, either by potentiating their effects or by targeting the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. The utilization of antibiotic adjuvants offers several advantages. Firstly, they can restore the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against resistant strains. Adjuvants can inhibit the mechanisms that confer resistance, making the pathogens susceptible to the action of antibiotics. Secondly, adjuvants can enhance the activity of antibiotics by improving their penetration into bacterial cells, increasing their stability, or inhibiting efflux pumps that expel antibiotics from bacterial cells. Various types of antibiotic adjuvants have been investigated, including efflux pump inhibitors, resistance-modifying agents, and compounds that disrupt bacterial biofilms. These adjuvants can act synergistically with antibiotics, resulting in increased antibacterial activity and overcoming resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, antibiotic adjuvants have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of MDR pathogens. By enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics, adjuvants offer a promising strategy to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Further research and development in this field are crucial to harness the full potential of antibiotic adjuvants and bring them closer to clinical application

Modulation of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced mammary tumors in Sprague–Dawley rats by combination of lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid and green tea extract

INTRODUCTION: The limited ability of current treatments to control metastasis and the proposed antitumor properties of specific nutrients prompted us to examine the effect of a specific formulation (nutrient supplement [NS]) of lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract in vivo on the development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumors in rats. METHODS: A single intraperitoneal dose of MNU was injected into each of 20 female Sprague–Dawley rats (aged 50 days) to induce tumors. Two weeks after MNU treatment, a time by which the animals had recovered from MNU-induced toxicity, the rats were divided into two groups. Rats in group 1 (n = 10) were fed Purina chow diet, whereas those in group 2 (n = 10) were fed the same diet supplemented with 0.5% NS. After a further 24 weeks, the rats were killed and tumors were excised and processed. RESULTS: NS reduced the incidence of MNU-induced mammary tumors and the number of tumors by 68.4%, and the tumor burden by 60.5%. The inhibitory effect of NS was also reflected by decreased tumor weight; the tumor weights per rat and per group were decreased by 41% and 78%, respectively. In addition, 30% of the control rats developed ulcerated tumors, in contrast to 10% in the nutrient supplemented rats. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the specific formulation of lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract tested significantly reduces the incidence and growth of MNU-induced mammary tumors, and therefore has strong potential as a useful therapeutic regimen for inhibiting breast cancer development

Differential Gene Repertoire in Mycobacterium ulcerans Identifies Candidate Genes for Patho-Adaptation

The emerging human disease Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is of increasing challenge for public health systems in many countries, mainly in West and Central sub-Saharan Africa. Genetic differentiation of patient isolates, a prerequisite for scientific studies on and intervention of disease transmission and dispersal, is hampered by an exceptional lack of genetic diversity within this species. Comparative genomics on M. ulcerans of worldwide geographical origin has already allowed for distinguishing several haplotypes separated into two distinct lineages. Differences in prevalence and incidence of Buruli ulcer were already suspected, but biological relevance for this was unclear. Here, we show newly identified hot spot regions of genomic instability, a biased silencing of coding sequences belonging to distinct functional groups, and a differential gene repertoire across M. ulcerans strains. Gene inactivation mediated by different mechanisms in M. ulcerans adds to the concept of anti-virulence genes observed in an increasing number of bacterial species. According to this concept, loss of such genes—in addition to gain of function—may confer a selective advantage for a pathogen radiating into a new niche. In the case of M. ulcerans, a distinct set of disrupted genes may enhance virulence, particularly in the classical lineage

[RETRACTED] Location–Allocation Model Applied to Urban Public Services: Spatial Analysis of Fire Stations in Mysore Urban Area Karnataka, India

This article was retracted due to the following reasons. Retraction note here: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijg/article/view/62031/pdf RETRACTION TO : Javaid Ahmad Tali, Divya S, Asima Nusrath (2020). Location–Allocation Model Applied to Urban Public Services: Spatial Analysis of Fire Stations in Mysore Urban Area Karnataka, India. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(2). 201-207 (doi. 10.22146/ijg.25365). This article has been retracted by Publisher based on the following reason:Double publish in Transactions of the Institute by Indian Geographers, 2019, 41(1), pp. 1-12 Based on clarification via email, Authors of the above paper have admitted their double publish to the previously published paper by Transactions of the Institute of Indian Geographers, 2019, 41(1), pp. 1-12We apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process

Impact of urbanisation on landuse and landcover a case study of Arkavathy river

Land use/land cover features broadly connote everything land is used for, as expressed in the vegetation and other human interventions covering the land surface. Land use pattern generally reflects the extent of resources utilization and indicates the productivity of the area.The present paper aims to asess the land use and land cover pattern of the Arkavathy catchment beside it also analysis the impact of urbanization on land use and land cover for the study area

PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION USING IMAGE DECIPHERMENT AND OCR

Hash-based password schemes are simple and fast, that can be exposed to digital assualts by cracking tool. Accordingly, numerous hacking incidents have been happened overwhelmingly in systems adopting those hash-based schemes. In this paper, we propose password authentication using Image decipherment (IC) and OCR (Optical Character Recognition). The scheme transforms a user ID of text type to three images encrypted by IC. The client should make three images comprised of sub pixels by random function with SEED which incorporates individual data. The server keeps up client's ID and one of the image. At the point when the client logs in and sends another image, the server can extract ID by using OCR (Optical Character Recognition). As a result, it can verify client by comparing extracted ID with the saved one. The proposed enhances authentication, prevents digital assaults with lower computations

Caries risk assessment among subjects with periodontal disease using cariogram study model

Introduction: Root caries (RC) is considered a serious problem affecting the long-term prognosis of both treated and untreated periodontally involved teeth and has become a major public health problem among adults. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess RC risk among subjects with periodontal disease using the cariogram study model. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 participants aged ≥35 years who were categorized as cases and controls based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the specially designed pro forma. The clinical oral examination was carried out for recording plaque scores (Silness and Loe), periodontal status, and dental caries experience (World Health Organization 1997). The salivary profile was generated by recording stimulated salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and microbiological status and risk assessment done using the cariogram study model. Results: Cariogram model revealed 39% and 51% chance of avoiding caries for cases and controls, respectively. Mean coronal caries experience among cases and controls was 14.38± 5.52 and 10.88±5.70, and for root caries was 0.87±1.04 and 0.38±9.85 respectively. Subjects categorized as high risk, according to cariogram had higher mean decayed, missed, filled tooth (DMFT) (16.79 ± 4.58) and root decayed, filled tooth (1.47 ± 1.27) than other risk groups. Active periodontal disease and past caries experience were significantly associated with RC through logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Cariogram can be a useful tool to illustrate caries risk profiles among periodontal disease patients. Along with baseline RC experience, active periodontal disease, plaque, lactobacilli, and mutans streptococci were identified as major risk factors associated with RC