Optimization of IC Engine Valve for Stationary Engine on Fillet Basis

Design of the valve depends on many parameters like behaviour of material at high temperature, vibrations, fluid dynamics of exhaust gas, oxidization characteristics of valve material and exhaust gas, fatigue strength of valve material, configuration of the cylinder head, coolant flow and the shape of the port. This project deals with the study of stress induced in a valve due to high pressure inside the combustion chamber, spring force and cam force at high temperature conditions. For modelling CATIA is to be used and to analyze the valve ANSYS will be used as the tool. Structural analyses are to be performed on the valve based on fillet radius and results are discussed in detail

SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES: LAND ACQUISITION AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

India opened up its economy in 1991 and intensified its move towards export-led growth. In 2000, thegovernment replaced the old EPZ regime by a new scheme of “Special Economic Zones” (SEZs) withseveral lucrative incentives / benefits that were not available in the earlier scheme. In 2005, it enacted theSEZs Act and the SEZs Rules were notified in February, 2006. The policy is expected to give a big pushto exports, employment and investment in SEZs. Many of them occupy hundreds of acres of land eachand often the land is acquired by the government from unwilling farmers. The present paper studies theimpacts of SEZ on land acquisition, displacement of farmers, employment generation etc.The SEZ Act in 2005 marks the acquisitions of land by the state for “public purpose” and the transfer ofthe ownership of this land to private developers to set up their enterprise in the SEZs. The farm land hasbeen acquired without adequate compensation to the farmers by the government. On the basis of the LandAcquisition (Amendment) Bill, 1998, wishes of landowners could be ignored. Those people, who are notlandowners but depend on agriculture for their livelihood are not compensated by the government or theSEZs. The size of employment per unit in Indian SEZs is the smaller as compared to Bangladesh andanother feature is that the proportion of women workers in Indian SEZs is lower than that in BangladeshSEZs, and lower than in the SEZs of many other countries

Impact of Mating Frequency on Reproductive Success of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

This study investigates the influence of mating frequency on the reproductive success of Spodoptera frugiperda, a significant agricultural pest. We compared the effects of single and multiple matings on fecundity and hatching percentage using laboratory-reared moths. Females subjected to multiple matings exhibited significantly higher fecundity and improved hatching success compared to single-mated females. Specifically, multiple-mated females produced an average of 1468.6 eggs with a hatching percentage of 88.8%, while single-mated females produced 858 eggs with a hatching percentage of 78.4%. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that multiple mating provides nutritional and genetic benefits, enhancing reproductive output and offspring viability. The study highlights the role of mating frequency in shaping reproductive performance and suggests potential applications for pest management strategies. By targeting mating behaviors, such as through mating disruption or sterilization, it may be possible to mitigate the impact of S. frugiperda on crops. This research contributes to our understanding of the reproductive dynamics of this pest and offers insights for developing more effective pest control measures

Reporting Cannibalistic Behavior in the Yellow Belly Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis, Ruppell, 1835 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), from Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra, India

The purpose of this research is to record, examine and document instances of cannibalistic behavior in the yellow-bellied gecko (Hemidactylus flaviviridis Ruppell, 1835) in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Although it hasn\u27t been studied in great detail, cannibalism in reptiles provides important insights into the behavioral ecology of species, especially in settings with limited resources. Observation was conducted in semi-urban habitats in Maharashtra. A direct visual encounter was used to document the cannibalism incident. To ascertain the size and age classes of both predators and prey, morphological measures were made. An adult gecko was shown to have engaged in cannibalism. Predation was most common in the premonsoon season when there was little other prey available. Predator geckos were noticeably bigger on average than their prey counterparts. According to the analysis, cannibalism might be a survival tactic used when food supplies are scarce. Behavioral observations suggested that cannibalism was not a regular feeding habit, but rather an opportunistic behavior. The findings of this study offer the proof of cannibalism in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra\u27s Hemidactylus flaviviridis. The results underscore the species\u27 ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions by implying that resource scarcity may be the driving force behind this behavior. Comprehending these actions is essential for gaining a wider understanding of the species\u27 ecology and could have consequences for managing and conserving them

Importance of general examination in diagnosis: a rare case report of a family affected with Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy

Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is rare constellation of signs associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) associated with genomic imprinting in GNAS1 gene. We described a case report of a patient with AHO phenotype with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) with associated chronic liver disease and its complications and her pedigree analysis

Mitrofanoff urinary diversion in a patient with cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood which result in huge socioeconomic costs. This children have a significant incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms. Clean intermittent self-catheterization is needed to avoid deterioration of renal function. But significant spasticity and resulting contractures of the adductors can interfere with the caretakers’ ability to provide perineal hygiene. Surgery in cerebral palsy affected child is challenging due to multiple associated comorbidities. The aim of this report is to describe quality of life and renal function for a mentally retarded child with cerebral palsy before and after Mitrofanoff diversion without bladder augmentation

STUDIES OF ULTRASONIC AND VISCOMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF AZITHROMYCIN WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENT SYSTEMS DIOXANE-WATER AND METHANOL-WATER MIXTURE AT 305.15 K

ABSTRACT Antibiotic drug Azithromycin is mainly used for treatments of infectious disease caused by bacteria such as respiratory,skin,ear and sexually transmitted diseases such great importance of azithromycine in human life the densities, ultrasonic velocities and viscosities of azithromycine have been evaluated in different concentrations in 70% dioxane-water and 70% methanol-water mixtures at 305.15 K. Experimental data of sound velocities and densities of solutions in 70% dioxane-water helps to determine the various acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, apparent molal volumes, intermolecular free length, specific acoustic impedance, relative association etc. for evaluating the molecular interactions present in different solutions were studied. Keywords: Azithromycin drug, dioxane water and viscometric measurements. INTRODUCTION In the fields of medicinal, industrial, biochemistry etc the study of molecular interactions between solutes molecule and solvent media has got great importance. It also helps the study of solute solvent and solventsolvent interactions can by the measurement of relative viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of an electrolyte in solutions EXPERIMENTAL SECTION The chemicals used were of AR grade and were purified by standard methods. Requisite amount of chemicals weighing was done by using electronic balance.By using the Pyknometers the densities of solutions were determined, which was standardized by the standard procedure. Ostwald's Viscometer was used for measurements of viscosity which was kept in elite thermostatic water bath (±0.1°C). The ultrasonic velocity of solution and solvent was determined by using single crystal interferometer (Mittal Enterprises, Model F-81) with accuracy of ± 0.03% and 2 MHz frequency. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Acoustic parameters, densities and relative viscosities have been determined for all the solutions and were calculated by using different equations 14 and are presented in the followin

ULTRASONIC AND VISCOMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF 5-(2- HYDROXYPHENYL)-3-(3-NITROPHENYL)-4-(2-FUROYL) PYRAZOL WITH DIOXANE-WATER AND ACETONE-WATER MIXTURE AT 303.15 K

ABSTRACT In view of importance of substituted pyrazoles in human life the densities, ultrasonic velocities and viscosities of 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-4-(2-furoyl) pyrazol have been measured in different concentrations (0.01 to 0.1 mol/dm 3 ) in 70% dioxane-water and 70% acetone-water mixtures at 303.15 K. The experimental data of sound velocities and densities of solutions in 70% dioxane-water have been used to calculate the various acoustical properties such as adiabatic compressibilities, apparent molal volumes, intermolecular free length, specific acoustic impedance, relative association etc. Also the effect of concentration of solute on viscosity has been studied in dioxane and acetone-water mixtures. From the viscosities and acoustical properties, the molecular interactions present in different solutions were studied. Appreciable molecular interactions have been observed between solute pyrazole and binary mixture of solvents, dioxane-water

Birds of Osmanabad District of Maharashtra, India

The Marathwada region of Maharashtra has not yet been explored thoroughly with reference to its biodiversity, especially the avifauna. Through this paper we would like to draw attention towards the least known avifauna of the Osmanabad district in the North-eastern part of Maharashtra known as Marathwada. Surveys were carried out at various places such as Yedshi grassland, Terna lake and Masla village in the district. A total of 165 bird species were recorded which include 8 threatened species. Of the 165 species, 109 were resident, 15 local migratory and 41 migratory. Seasonal variation was observed in the species count at different habitats. We observed that the habitat from the study area is rapidly changing due to the ongoing lake linking programme of Godavari Marathwada Irrigation Development Corporation (GMIDC). Therefore we feel that this document will be helpful in the future systematic study of the population, habitat use, as well as the effect of this lake linking project on the avifauna of the district