Probing ion transport at the nanoscale: Time-domain electrostatic force spectroscopy on glassy electrolytes

We have carried out time--domain electrostatic force spectroscopy on two different ion conducting glasses using an atomic force microscope. We compare the electrostatic force spectroscopic data obtained at different temperatures with macroscopic electrical data of the glasses. The overall consistency of the data shows that electrostatic force spectroscopy is capable of probing the ion dynamics and transport in nanoscopic subvolumes of the samples.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Optical spectroscopic investigation on the coupling of electronic and magnetic structure in multiferroic hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) thin films

We investigated the effects of temperature and magnetic field on the electronic structure of hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) thin films using optical spectroscopy. As the magnetic ordering of the system was disturbed, a systematic change in the electronic structure was commonly identified in this series. The optical absorption peak near 1.7 eV showed an unexpectedly large shift of more than 150 meV from 300 K to 15 K, accompanied by an anomaly of the shift at the Neel temperature. The magnetic field dependent measurement clearly revealed a sizable shift of the corresponding peak when a high magnetic field was applied. Our findings indicated strong coupling between the magnetic ordering and the electronic structure in the multiferroic hexagonal RMnO3 compounds.Comment: 16 pages including 4 figure

An electron paramagnetic resonance study of Pr_{0.6}Ca_{0.4}MnO_{3} across the charge ordering transition

We report the first electron paramagnetic resonance studies of single crystals and powders of Pr_{0.6}Ca_{0.4}MnO_{3} in the 300-4.2 K range, covering the charge ordering transition at ~ 240 K and antiferromagnetic transition (T_N) at ~ 170 K. The asymmetry parameter for the Dysonian single crystal spectra shows anomalous increase at T_{co}. Below T_{co} the g-value increases continuously, suggesting a gradual strengthening of orbital ordering. The linewidth undergoes a sudden increase at T_{co} and continues to increase down to T_N. The intensity increases as the temperature is decreased till T_{co} due to the renormalization of magnetic susceptibility arising from the build up of ferromagnetic correlations. The value of the exchange constant, J, is estimated to be 154 K.Comment: Uses Revtex3.

Amorphous carbon film deposition on inner surface of tubes using atmospheric pressure pulsed filamentary plasma source

Uniform amorphous carbon film is deposited on the inner surface of quartz tube having the inner diameter of 6 mm and the outer diameter of 8 mm. A pulsed filamentary plasma source is used for the deposition. Long plasma filaments (~ 140 mm) as a positive discharge are generated inside the tube in argon with methane admixture. FTIR-ATR, XRD, SEM, LSM and XPS analyses give the conclusion that deposited film is amorphous composed of non-hydrogenated sp2 carbon and hydrogenated sp3 carbon. Plasma is characterized using optical emission spectroscopy, voltage-current measurement, microphotography and numerical simulation. On the basis of observed plasma parameters, the kinetics of the film deposition process is discussed

Diasporic Language Issues in the Odum Nathi Novel

A community refers to a group of people living together. Society is formed when individuals live together as a family, group depending on each other. In such a society there are some problems due to economy. When occupational and economic problems occur, people are forced to migrate from one place to another for survival. As they move from one place to another and live there, the changes that occur there will give them a new experience. Language, food, dress, customs, everything will be new for them. Unable to mix with the people there because of language problems, geographical problems, ethnic problems, different foods and customs. Food to eat, clothes to wear and a place to stay are the essentials for a human being. Such migrants are unable to meet such basic needs. Language is a tool that helps you to express your thoughts and so language is a major problem for the migrant people. Language is the first obstacle faced by Tamils who migrate to foreign speaking states in search of survival. Tamils who go to other states are alienated from other people due to their lack of knowledge of the language spoken in that part of the state. Not knowing the language leads to various hardships. There is more mixing in spoken language than in written language. In the novel 'Odum Nathi', Selvan is a character who migrates to Nagaland, does not know the language of the tribal people and goes through various hardships. When we read the novel, we come to come to know about his sufferings in buying tickets to travel and buying food for hunger because of language problem. This article explores this kind of linguistic issues

Cooling rate dependence of the antiferromagnetic domain structure of a single crystalline charge ordered manganite

The low temperature phase of single crystals of Nd$_{0.5}$Ca$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ and Gd$_{0.5}$Ca$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ manganites is investigated by squid magnetometry. Nd$_{0.5}$Ca$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ undergoes a charge-ordering transition at $T_{CO}$=245K, and a long range CE-type antiferromagnetic state is established at $T_N$=145K. The dc-magnetization shows a cooling rate dependence below $T_N$, associated with a weak spontaneous moment. The associated excess magnetization is related to uncompensated spins in the CE-type antiferromagnetic structure, and to the presence in this state of fully orbital ordered regions separated by orbital domain walls. The observed cooling rate dependence is interpreted to be a consequence of the rearrangement of the orbital domain state induced by the large structural changes occurring upon cooling.Comment: REVTeX4; 7 pages, 4 figures. Revised 2001/12/0

(E)-6-Methyl-3-(2-methyl­benzyl­idene)­chroman-2-one

In the title compound, C18H16O2, the heterocyclic ring of the chroman-2-one system adopts a slightly distorted screw-boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the coumarin ring system and the benzene ring is 67.5 (1)°. The crystal packing features C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric R22(8) dimers, and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Methyl (Z)-2-[(4-bromo-2-formyl­phen­oxy)meth­yl]-3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)acrylate

In the title compound, C19H17BrO4, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 82.9 (2)°. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(7) ring motif. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate two centrosymmetic ring systems with R22(18) and R22(14) graph-set motifs. The crystal packing is further stabilized by inter­molecular π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.984 (2) Å]