Restoration of soil quality after oil pollution

© 2014, SGEM. All Rights Reserved. In this study, the self-restoration and remediation of oily polluted soil was investigated, Microbial parameters were used as indicators of the processes. The amount of oil that was used for artificial contamination of soil was 20 g kg-1. We analyzed total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content and dynamics of microbial activities in polluted soil, polluted dugged-up soil, control soil in the layers 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm after 3 and 36 months after pollution. It was shown that oil mainly remains in the upper layer and does not migrate significantly along soil profile. The digging-up permitted the intensify the natural process of oil destruction (up to 42%). Changes in TPH content influenced the concentrations of organic carbon in the soil - they increased in 3.3-3.9 times in the upper layer of soil after 3 months since contamination in comparison to control. The level of microbial biomass in the control samples ranged from 172 to 201 mg Cmic g-1in the upper soil layers, and decreased with depth. The maximum level of this parameter (807 mg Cmic g-1) was observed in the upper layer of non-digged polluted soil after 3 months of contamination. Soil respiration activity values ranged from 94 to 100 mg CO2-C g-124h-1. The positive correlation (R=0.86) between basal respiration and microbial biomass was found in control samples but not in polluted samples. Oil pollution did not influence significantly the cellulase activity of the soil which was more determined by depth but not TPH concentration or presence/absence of pollution. In opposite, urease activity was highly dependent on oil pollution - in all polluted samples it was 3-383 times lower than in the corresponding control

On the question of the study of sexual development in adolescent girls with anemia

Goal of research. To study sexual development features among teenage girlswith anemia. Information and methods. 160 teenage girls were studied during this research. For the purpose of study of sexual development features, it is necessary to split girls into age intervals: the main group - 46 girls the age of 14-16 and 64 girls the age of 17-19, healthy group - 24 girls the age of 14-16 and 26 girls the age of 17-19. Research results. With evaluation of sexual development score (SDS) among teenage girls at the age from 14 to 16, The decrease of SDS among the girls with anemia (10,49+0,17) was observed and was compared with healthy girls (11,87+0,27), mainly due to the index .which characterizes the development of mammary glands. Conclusion. As a result of the researches, the imbalance in sexual development, which emphasizes the dependence of this system on iron deficiency condition of teenage girls, was identified.Цель исследования. Изучить особенности полового развития у девушек-подростков с анемией. Материал и методы. Настоящим исследованием было охвачено 160 девушек-подростков. С целью определения особенностей полового развития целесообразным явилось разделение девушек на возрастные промежутки: основная группа - 46 девушек в возрасте 14-16 лет и 64 девушки в возрасте 17-19 лет, здоровая группа - 24 девушки в возрасте 14-16 лет и 26 девушек в возрасте 17-19 лет. Результаты исследования. При оценке балла полового развития (БПР) у девушек-подростков 14-16 лет, отмечено его снижение у девушек с анемией (10,49+0,17) по сравнению со здоровыми девушками (11,87+0,27), в основном за счет показателя, характеризующего развитие молочных желез. Заключение. В результате проведенных исследований был выявлен некоторый дисбаланс в становлении полового развития, что подчеркивает зависимость данной системы от наличия железодефицитного состояния у девушек-подростков

Biological and agrochemical properties of soils on uncultivated slopes

Agrochemical (organic carbon and total nitrogen content) and biological (microbial biomass, respiration, urease, dehydrogenase and cellulose activities) parameters of soil samples from five uncultivated slopes with an incline of 10-15° were estimated. The sampling points were located in the watershed area, at the foot of the slope and in between, along transect. The organic carbon content in samples taken on watershed ranged between 3.1 and 5.6%. Only for one of the slopes was a decrease of Corg content along the slope transect observed. The content of total nitrogen in samples taken on watershed ranged between 0.17 and 0.29%. Microbial respiration in watershed ranged from 27.6 to 164.2 CO2-C g-124h-1. In the same samples, the level of microbial biomass ranged between 93.2 and 413.6 μg kg-1, and dehydrogenase activity was approximately equal in all the samples (4.8-7.1 mg l-1 sodium resazourine salt 24 h-1); levels of urease activity ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 g NH4+ kg-1, and cellulase activity from 0.8 to 8.1 g C6H12O6 kg-1. Values of agrochemical and biological parameters in the soils sampled along transects fluctuated significantly, but no trends were observed. To analyze the contradictory data obtained, cluster analysis was used. It was shown that differences in the characteristics of samples from different slopes are more significant than differences in the characteristics inside the same slope. The agrochemical parameters and biological activity of soils located on slopes have the same values as those of similar types of soils located on a flat terrain and do not depend on the location or on slope profile

Use of Nanocomposite Material Based on Graphene Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in Research of Blood Erythrocytes in Various Diseases

The electrical and structural properties of a nanocomposite material based on silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide were investigated. Using electron and atomic force microscopy it was shown that the nanoparticles formed predominantly have sizes from 60 to 100 nm. Measurements of the current-voltage characteristics showed electrical conductivity values significantly exceeding the parameters of the initial graphene oxide. The prepared nanocomposites were used for scanning by electron microscopy (SEM) of blood samples of sick children with hematuria syndrome and patients of the radiological department of an oncologic dispensary diagnosed with cervical cancer. The formation of nanosize objects on the surface of erythrocytes is revealed. The size of these volumes is comparable to the size of the viruses. Results of these studies can indirectly confirm an assumption of authors about possible transportation of viruses by erythrocytes to various organs and viral etiology of renal diseases with the hematuria syndrome and cervical cancer. Keywords: graphene, graphene oxide, silver nanoparticles, structural and electrical properties, nephropathy, diagnostics

Space-Time Description of Scalar Particle Creation by a Homogeneous Isotropic Gravitational Field

We give the generalization of the method of the space-time description of particle creation by a gravitational field for a scalar field with nonconformal coupling to the curvature. The space-time correlation function is obtained for a created pair of the quasi-particles, corresponding to a diagonal form of the instantaneous Hamiltonian. The case of an adiabatic change of the metric of homogeneous isotropic space is analyzed. We show that the created pairs of quasi-particles in de Sitter space should be interpreted as pairs of virtual particles.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Distribution of "Molnia" pesticide along soil profile and its influence on soil organisms

In this study, influence of "Molnia" insecticide (active agent lambda-cyhalothrin) widely used in Russia and many European countries was investigated. Using several microbial parameters (microbial biomass, basal respiration, urease and dehydrogenase activities) and Avena sativa root elongation inhibition, effects of migration of pesticide along soil profile in short time period (3 months) was estimated. It was shown, that microbial biomass is higher sensitive to pesticide presence than microbial basal respiration. Digging of the soil which lead to its aeration changed the reaction of microbes on pesticide presence, in both, increasing and decreasing sides. Urease activity was sensitive to "Molnia" pollution while cellulase activity did not change significantly after pollution. The most biological parameters analyzed decreased from the upper (0-20 cm) to the lower (40-60 cm) soil layers which was connected with organic carbon and oxygen content. Avena sativa roots were significantly inhibited (21%) in the middle layer of pesticide polluted digged-up soil whereas it was equal to the corresponding control value in the non diggedup polluted soil. This is due to higher migration ratio of the pollutant into the digged-up soil. In three years of experiment, the quality of polluted soil slightly restored, that can be explained by degradation of the pesticide

Tecnologías modernas de enseñanza profesional en el sistema de aprendizaje permanente

The professional education system is experiencing an active search for ways and methods to improve the quality of education, which increases the role of imitative teaching methods aimed at developing individual creative skills, forming specialized professional and personal qualities, their ability of adjustment and adaptability to the new economic conditions. Teaching methods as forms of interaction between teacher and students are intended to acquire skills, as well as to educate and develop a personality. The teacher’s task consists of the rational use of such teaching methods that ensure the best achievement of the objective, which is the training of qualified specialists. The diversity of these methods should increase students’ interest in learning and cognitive activity. This study concludes on the benefits of a professional school where, priority should be given to active teaching methods aimed at increasing students’ cognitive activity, developing their personal initiative and potential, forming their creative approach and allowing them to solve important learning tasks. and organization.El sistema de educación profesional está experimentando una búsqueda activa de formas y métodos para mejorar la calidad de la educación, lo que aumenta el papel de los métodos de enseñanza imitativos destinados a desarrollar habilidades creativas individuales, formando las cualidades profesionales y personales especializadas, su capacidad de ajuste y adaptabilidad a las nuevas condiciones económicas. Los métodos de enseñanza como formas de interacción entre el maestro y los estudiantes están destinados a adquirir habilidades, así como a educar y desarrollar la personalidad. La tarea del maestro consiste en el uso racional de tales métodos de enseñanza que aseguren el mejor logro del objetivo, que es la capacitación de especialistas calificados. La diversidad de estos métodos debería aumentar el interés de los estudiantes en el aprendizaje y la actividad cognitiva. Este estudio concluye en los beneficios de una escuela profesional donde, se debe dar prioridad a los métodos de enseñanza activos destinados a aumentar la actividad cognitiva de los estudiantes, desarrollar su iniciativa y potencial personal, formar su enfoque creativo y permitirles resolver importantes tareas de aprendizaje y organización

Организация СРС в рамках модульно-рейтинговой системы

Показан подход к организации самостоятельной работы студентов (СРС) в рамках модульно-рейтинговой системы. Представлена модель организации СРС, анализируется содержание ее элементов. Отмечаются организационно-методические трудности, которые могут возникнуть при ее внедрении