Influence of an Engineered Notch on the Electromagnetic Radiation Performance of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

This work explores the influence of a pre-engineered notch on the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) parameters in NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) during tensile tests. The test data showed that the EMR signal fluctuated between oscillatory and exponential, signifying that the specimen’s viscosity damping coefficient changes during strain hardening. The EMR parameters, maximum EMR amplitude, and average EMR energy release rate remained constant initially but rose sharply with the plastic zone radius with progressive loading. It was postulated that new Frank–Read sources permit dislocation multiplication and increase the number of edge dislocations participating in EMR emissions, leading to a rise in the value of EMR parameters. The study of the correlation between EMR emission parameters and the plastic zone radius before the crack tip is a vital crack growth monitoring tool. An analysis of the interrelationship of the EMR energy release rate at fracture with the elastic strain energy release rate would help develop an innovative approach to assess fracture toughness, a critical parameter for the design and safety of metals. The microstructural analysis of tensile fractures and the interrelation between deformation behaviours concerning the EMR parameters offers a novel and real-time approach to improve the extant understanding of the behaviour of metallic materials

An assessment of alcohol inclusion in various combinations of biodiesel-diesel on the performance and exhaust emission of modern-day compression ignition engines – A review

The growing energy demand and non-renewable nature of conventional diesel had shifted the focus of researchers on the search for alternate fuels. Intensive research works, experiments and tests have been conducted in alternate fuels by keeping in view their non-polluting, environment-friendly, sustainable and renewable nature at the core. Consequently, biodiesel and alcohols have emerged as promising oxygenated fuel additives blended with conventional diesel and can be employed in modern-day diesel engines with the least modifications in them. The current work presents a review analysis of the performance and emissions characteristics of blended fuels comprising biodiesel, alcohols, and pure diesel in different blend ratios. The similarity in the physical-chemical properties of biodiesel and alcohol with pure diesel makes them suitable for diesel engines. The higher oxygen content of biodiesels and alcohol ensures complete combustion, thus reducing diesel engines’ detrimental exhaust emissions. However, the lower calorific value of biodiesels and alcohols negatively affects engine performance. In general, biodiesel-diesel blends in varied volumetric proportions were used in diesel engine, however, many researches have shown that B20 blend (biodiesel – 20%, diesel – 20%) offers optimized performance and emissions. The ternary blends comprised of biodiesel-alcohol-diesel offer tremendous potential as future fuel. The inclusion of alcohols as fuel additives in the form of ternary blends needs fresh review and compilation of the updated works. Therefore this review analysis is based on the contribution of ternary blends in increasing the performance and mitigating the emissions of the diesel engine. The appropriate blend composition of biodiesel and alcohol in pure diesel has been scrutinized. The inclusion of biodiesel in the range of 10% to 80% and alcohol around 5% to 45% in diesel proved suitable. Thus, ternary blended fuels prove to be promising alternate fuel in meeting the fuel demand and simultaneously addressing the present and future environmental concerns

Influence of an Engineered Notch on the Electromagnetic Radiation Performance of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

This work explores the influence of a pre-engineered notch on the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) parameters in NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) during tensile tests. The test data showed that the EMR signal fluctuated between oscillatory and exponential, signifying that the specimen’s viscosity damping coefficient changes during strain hardening. The EMR parameters, maximum EMR amplitude, and average EMR energy release rate remained constant initially but rose sharply with the plastic zone radius with progressive loading. It was postulated that new Frank–Read sources permit dislocation multiplication and increase the number of edge dislocations participating in EMR emissions, leading to a rise in the value of EMR parameters. The study of the correlation between EMR emission parameters and the plastic zone radius before the crack tip is a vital crack growth monitoring tool. An analysis of the interrelationship of the EMR energy release rate at fracture with the elastic strain energy release rate would help develop an innovative approach to assess fracture toughness, a critical parameter for the design and safety of metals. The microstructural analysis of tensile fractures and the interrelation between deformation behaviours concerning the EMR parameters offers a novel and real-time approach to improve the extant understanding of the behaviour of metallic materials

Exploring the impact of varying notch-width ratios on electromagnetic radiation parameters at tensile fracture of C35000 brass

The paper discusses experimental research to analyze how the notch-width ratio (2a/w) impacts Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) emission parameters at tensile fracture in C35000 brass. The EMR emission signals during tensile fracture were captured using a copper chip antenna and stored in an oscilloscope for further analysis. The EMR parameters and mechanical parameters at fracture showed a smooth correlation. Investigating the association between the EMR parameters and the plastic zone radius formed before the crack tip may help develop an innovative tool for crack growth monitoring. The interrelation between the EMR energy release rate and the Elastic strain energy release rate may help create an innovative method for assessing fracture toughness, a fundamental property of metallic materials. The EMR energy release rate exhibited a parabolic relationship with an analytical correlation of stacking fault energy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) examined the fractured specimen's microstructure. A thorough examination of the relationship between dislocations, EMR characteristics, and real-time applications could be a novel technique for understanding material behaviour in detail

Performance, Emission, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Ternary Biofuel Blends

The demand for sustainable alternative-fuels in the transportation and agriculture domains is essential due to the quick depletion of petroleum supplies and the growing environmental challenges. The ternary-blends (diesel, biodiesel, and Methyl oleate) have the ability to report the existing challenges in this area because they offer significant promise for reducing exhaust emissions and improving engine performance. In the current work, soy methyl ester is blended with methyl oleate and diesel. The emissions and performance of blended biodiesel was conducted in common rail direct injection engine (CRDI). The characterization and physical properties were also evaluated by utilizing various methods like Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis Spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. FTIR spectra showed the existence of the strong C=O, indicating the presence of FAME at 1745 cm−1. Again, UV-vis has reported the appearance of conjugated dienes in the oxidized biodiesel. The results indicated all blended samples retained the properties of diesel. The addition of methyl oleate improved brake specific fuel consumption of blended biodiesel almost near to diesel. D50::S80:M20 produced a mean reduction in hydrocarbon 42.64% compared to diesel. The average carbon monoxide emission reduction for D50::S80:M20 was 49.36% as against diesel

A hybrid model based on convolution neural network and long short-term memory for qualitative assessment of permeable and porous concrete

Estimating design factors like concrete strength and durability is complicated by the cement industry's practice of producing multiple grades of cement for different uses, necessitating substantial labor hours and monetary investment. The experimental findings of accelerated carbonation-induced corrosion and associated durability characteristics of concrete built with high-volume Class F Fly Ash (FA), including AC impendence, half-cell potential, water permeability, and volume of permeable voids. FA was added to ordinary portland cement at varied replacement amounts (0–70%) to create concrete specimens. The concrete specimen has been prepared by varying different proportions of water cement ratio (0.45, 0.40, and 0.35). To predict the compressive strength and carbonation level of concrete, this study presents a simulation environment based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) that makes use of input parameters such as water/cement ratio, fly-ash percentage, and time duration. Here, One-Dimensional Convolution Neural Network based Long Short-Term Memory (1D-CNN-LSTM) has been proposed for estimating the carbonation depth and compressive strength of concrete. The developed model will be compared with other state-of-the-art techniques, including DL and ML-based techniques. The obtained R2 values from the proposed 1D-CNN-LSTM regression network deliver accuracy of 80% for estimating carbonation depth and 96% for predicting compressive strength. The proposed methodology demonstrates the use of modern AI-based techniques in the actual design model and illustrates the development of DL methods such as LSTM and CNN

Designing, Modeling, and Fabrication of a Novel Solar-Concentrating Spittoon against COVID-19 for Antibacterial Sustainable Atmosphere

Spreading infectious illnesses such as viral meningitis, hepatitis, and cytomegalovirus among people is facilitated by spitting in public. India is more prone to transferring infectious illnesses. Recent research discovered that the new Coronavirus may also be transmitted via an infected person’s saliva. Self-collected saliva from 91.7% of patients contains COVID-19. Numerous nations have prioritized preventing individuals from spitting in open or public areas such as hospitals, parks, airports, train stations, etc. The UVC range has a greater damaging effect on microbial cells because microorganisms’ intracellular components, such as RNA, DNA, and proteins, are sensitive to UVC photon absorption. In this article, the design and construction of a solar-concentrating spittoon is attempted. At its receiver, it can create a temperature of 390 K and 176 W of heat. At this temperature, most viruses (including Coronavirus), bacteria, and pathogens are inactivated. Daily, from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m., the solar-concentrating spittoon is functional. The solar-concentrating spittoon performance was best for nine hours. The receiver thermal efficiency was 80% and 20% of heat was lost to the surroundings. The overall efficiency was found to be 70%. During this time, most people spend their time outside, where this solar-powered spittoon can incinerate human cough and spit within one minute. The installation of this solar-concentrated spittoon will aid in preventing the spread of fatal dangerous diseases and cleaning the city