The Stamp Act Crisis in Maine: The Case of Scarborough

This article discusses the impact of the Stamp Act riots on the small town of Scarborough and it\u27s impact on the lives of the citizens of the town

Liberty Men and Great Proprietors: The Revolutionary Settlement on the Maine Frontier, 1760-1820

Review of Liberty Men and Great Proprietors: The Revolutionary Settlement on the Maine Frontier, 1760-1820 by Alan Taylo

The Search for Security Maine after Penobscot

The article discusses the impact of the results of the Penobscot War on the inhabitants of Maine. The British seized Bagaduce (Castine) and remained. During the rest of the war, the residents of Maine had to contend with a garrison of regular British troops and the article recounts the impact of those troops

MHD‐driven kinetic dissipation in the solar wind and corona

Mechanisms for the deposition of heat in the lower coronal plasma are discussed, emphasizing recent attempts to reconcile the fluid and kinetic perspectives. Structures at magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scales may drive a nonlinear cascade, preferentially exciting high perpendicular wavenumber fluctuations. Relevant dissipative kinetic processes must be identified that can absorb the associated energy flux. The relationship between the MHD cascade and direct cyclotron absorption, including cyclotron sweep, is discussed. We conclude that for coronal and solar wind parameters the perpendicular cascade cannot be neglected and may be more rapid than cyclotron sweep. Solar wind observational evidence suggests the relevance of the ion inertial scale, which is associated with current sheet thickness during reconnection. We conclude that a significant fraction of dissipation in the corona and solar wind likely proceeds through a perpendicular cascade and small-scale reconnection, coupled to kinetic processes that act at oblique wavevectors

Letter from J.S. Leamon to Charlotte Michaud

Undated letter from J.S. Leamon to Charlotte Michaud.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/michaud-undated/1012/thumbnail.jp

Letter from James S. Leamon

Typed letter from James S. Leamon of the Bates College Department of History to Charlotte Michaud.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/michaud-1974-1985/1043/thumbnail.jp

Quantifying the Solar Cycle Modulation of Extreme Space Weather

By obtaining the analytic signal of daily sunspot numbers since 1818 we construct a new solar cycle phase clock that maps each of the last 18 solar cycles onto a single normalized 11 year epoch. This clock orders solar coronal activity and extremes of the aa index, which tracks geomagnetic storms at the Earth's surface over the last 14 solar cycles. We identify geomagnetically quiet intervals that are 40% of the normalized cycle, ±2π /5 in phase or ±2.2 years around solar minimum. Since 1868 only two severe (aa >300 nT) and one extreme (aa >500 nT) geomagnetic storms occurred in quiet intervals; 1–3% of severe (aa >300 nT) geomagnetic storms and 4–6% of C‐, M‐, and X‐class solar flares occurred in quiet intervals. This provides quantitative support to planning resilience against space weather impacts since only a few percent of all severe storms occur in quiet intervals and their start and end times are quantifiable

Correspondence Between Bates College Professor James S. Leamon and Charlotte Michaud

Correspondence between Professor James S. Leamon of Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, and Charlotte Michaud.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/michaud-1974-1985/1027/thumbnail.jp

Empirical Solar Wind Forecasting from the Chromosphere

Recently, we correlated the inferred structure of the solar chromospheric plasma topography with solar wind velocity and composition data measured at 1AU. We now offer a physical justification of these relationships and present initial results of a empirical prediction model based on them. While still limited by the fundamentally complex physics behind the origins of the solar wind and how its structure develops in the magnetic photosphere and expands into the heliosphere, our model provides a near continuous range of solar wind speeds and composition quantities that are simply estimated from the inferred structure of the chromosphere. We suggest that the derived quantities may provide input to other, more sophisticated, prediction tools or models such as those to study Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) propagation and Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) generation.Comment: In Press ApJ [March 2007] - 14 pages, 4 figures, one movie [available on request

The Whole Heliosphere Interval in the Context of a Long and Structured Solar Minimum: An Overview from Sun to Earth

Throughout months of extremely low solar activity during the recent extended solar-cycle minimum, structural evolution continued to be observed from the Sun through the solar wind and to the Earth. In 2008, the presence of long-lived and large low-latitude coronal holes meant that geospace was periodically impacted by high-speed streams, even though solar irradiance, activity, and interplanetary magnetic fields had reached levels as low as, or lower than, observed in past minima. This time period, which includes the first Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI 1: Carrington Rotation (CR) 2068), illustrates the effects of fast solar-wind streams on the Earth in an otherwise quiet heliosphere. By the end of 2008, sunspots and solar irradiance had reached their lowest levels for this minimum (e.g., WHI 2: CR 2078), and continued solar magnetic-flux evolution had led to a flattening of the heliospheric current sheet and the decay of the low-latitude coronal holes and associated Earth-intersecting high-speed solar-wind streams. As the new solar cycle slowly began, solar-wind and geospace observables stayed low or continued to decline, reaching very low levels by June – July 2009. At this point (e.g., WHI 3: CR 2085) the Sun–Earth system, taken as a whole, was at its quietest. In this article we present an overview of observations that span the period 2008 – 2009, with highlighted discussion of CRs 2068, 2078, and 2085. We show side-by-side observables from the Sun’s interior through its surface and atmosphere, through the solar wind and heliosphere and to the Earth’s space environment and upper atmosphere, and reference detailed studies of these various regimes within this topical issue and elsewhere