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Not AvailableThe management of crop residues coupled with external nutrient inputs is important for improving and conserving soil fertility and productivity. We assessed the long - term effects of three wheat residue management options (RMO) (residue burning, incorporation, and surface retention) in combination with three supplementary nutrient inputs (SNI) [control, fertilizer, and farmyard manure (FYM)] on phosphorus (P) fractions and adsorption behavior of a Vertisol under soybean–wheat system. Wheat residue incorporation and retention improved the labile inorganic P [sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 - Pi)] by 3.2 and 5.0 mg kg - 1 and the labile organic P (NaHCO3 - Po) by 2.4 and 4.2 mg kg - 1, respectively, as compared to residue burning. The soils under residue incorporation and retention had 38 and 26% more moderately labile organic P [sodium hydroxide (NaOH - Po)], respectively, than the soil under residue burning. The SNI either as fertilizer or FYM further enhanced NaHCO3 - Pi, NaHCO3 - Po, and NaOH - Po. In contrast, less labile P fractions [hydrochloric acid (HCl) - P and residual - P] remained unaffected by RMO and SNI treatments. Residue retention or incorporation decreased P adsorption over the residue burning for all the three nutrient inputs. The P - adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir equation (R2 ranged from 0.970 to 0.994). The P - adsorption maximum (b), bonding energy constant (k), differential P - buffering capacity (DPBC), and standard P requirement (SPR) were lower with residue incorporation or surface retention than with residue burning. The SPR followed the order residue burning > incorporation > retention for RMOs and control > fertilizer > FYM for SNI treatments. The NaHCO3 - Pi, NaHCO3 - P0, and NaOH - Po had negative correlation with P - adsorption parameters and showed positive correlation with soybean P uptake. Wheat residue incorporation or retention plus FYM could be an effective strategy for enhancing the P fertility of Vertisols under a soybean–wheat system.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe long-term crop residue retention coupled with external nutrient inputs are crucial for maintaining soil phosphorus (P) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in Vertisols of Central India. A study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effect of three wheat residue management practices (residue burning, incorporation, and surface retention) in combination with three supplementary nutrient inputs (SNI) [control, fertilizer, and farmyard manure (FYM)] on stratification of P and SOC in the soybean–wheat system in Vertisol. The wheat residue either incorporated or retained on the soil surface increased the availability of P and SOC content as compared to the common practices of residue burning. Residue retention or incorporation increased stratification of P and soil organic carbon over the residue burning. Irrespective of the nutrient treatments, greater stratification ratio of SOC and P were registered under wheat residue incorporation or retention compared to residue burning. It is evident from the study that wheat residue incorporation or retention plus addition of FYM could be an effective strategy for increasing the soil fertility in a soybean–wheat system of Vertisols of Central India.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe long-term crop residue retention coupled with external nutrient inputs are crucial for maintaining soil phosphorus (P) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in Vertisols of Central India. A study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effect of three wheat residue management practices (residue burning, incorporation, and surface retention) in combination with three supplementary nutrient inputs (SNI) [control, fertilizer, and farmyard manure (FYM)] on stratification of P and SOC in the soybean–wheat system in Vertisol. The wheat residue either incorporated or retained on the soil surface increased the availability of P and SOC content as compared to the common practices of residue burning. Residue retention or incorporation increased stratification of P and soil organic carbon over the residue burning. Irrespective of the nutrient treatments, greater stratification ratio of SOC and P were registered under wheat residue incorporation or retention compared to residue burning. It is evident from the study that wheat residue incorporation or retention plus addition of FYM could be an effective strategy for increasing the soil fertility in a soybean–wheat system of Vertisols of Central IndiaNot Availabl

Decolorization of mixture of dyes: A critical review

Water plays a vital and essential role in our ecosystem. This natural resource is becoming scarce, making its availability a major social and economic concern. Use of a large variety of synthetic dyes in textile industries has raised an hazardous environmental alert. About 17 - 20% of freshwater pollution is caused by textile effluents. These effluents are recalcitrant to biodegradation and cause acute toxicity to the receiving water bodies, as these comprised of various types of toxic dyes, which are difficult to remove. Decolorisation of textile wastewater is therefore important before releasing it into the nearby local waterways. It therefore becomes essential to degrade the toxic chemicals of textile wastewater, so as to avoid the hazardous environmental effects. Several treatment methods have been employed to embark upon the problem of dye removal but degradation becomes further more difficult for effluents containing dye matrix.  The review study has been an attempt to present the different diversified attempts used for decolorisation of a mixture of dyes

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Not AvailableThe current investigation was carried out to study the phytolith occluded carbon (PhytOC) sequestration potential of 15 rice cultivars. The dry matter yield of cultivars varied from 62 to 115 g pot-1 . Phytolith content and carbon content of phytoliths varied from 12.46 to 23.6 % and 1.4 to 3.3 % for straw; 5.5 to 11.4 % and 1.1 to 2.7 % for root; 13.1 to 24.3 % and 2.1 to 6.3 % for husk; 0.2 to 1.9 % and 0.7 to 1.4 % for grain. The distribution of PhytOC was highest in straw followed by husk, root and grains, respectively. The total PhytOC yield of cultivars was between 66.6 and 143 g e-CO2 pot-1 . Preference of high PhytOC yielding cultivar over low PhytOC yielding cultivar for rice production, results in 76.4 g e-CO2 pot-1 of additional C securely sequestered in phytoliths of rice, would substantially increase the bio-sequestration of terrestrial carbon.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe current investigation was carried out to study the phytolith occluded carbon (PhytOC) sequestration potential of 15 rice cultivars. The dry matter yield of cultivars varied from 62 to 115 g pot-1. Phytolith content and carbon content of phytoliths varied from 12.46 to 23.6 % and 1.4 to 3.3 % for straw; 5.5 to 11.4 % and 1.1 to 2.7 % for root; 13.1 to 24.3 % and 2.1 to 6.3 % for husk; 0.2 to 1.9 % and 0.7 to 1.4 % for grain. The distribution of PhytOC was highest in straw followed by husk, root and grains, respectively. The total PhytOC yield of cultivars was between 66.6 and 143 g e-CO2 pot-1. Preference of high PhytOC yielding cultivar over low PhytOC yielding cultivar for rice production, results in 76.4 g e-CO2 pot-1 of additional C securely sequestered in phytoliths of rice, would substantially increase the bio-sequestration of terrestrial carbon.Not Availabl