Correlation of uric acid levels and purine metabolism enzyme activities in plasma and liver tissues of diabetic rats

439-444The uric acid alteration in human beings causes major health problem due to its pivotal role in the etiology of many systemic diseases. The purine metabolism enzyme activities have a significant role in the process of elevated uric acid in diabetes mellitus. Hence, a study has been undertaken to understand the alteration of these enzyme activities in diabetic condition with an attempt to establish the possible cause for uric acid elevation. Alloxan was administered (150 mg/kg; i.p.) to induce diabetes in rats. Thirty days after alloxan induced diabetes, the enzyme activities were assessed in both plasma and liver tissues. The enzyme activities such as 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT), adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO) in the plasma and liver tissues were assayed by spectrometric technique and uric acid levels were also measured by Caraway procedure. A significant (PP< 0.001) in uric acid levels was observed in diabetic group. The uric acid and the activities of enzymes did not change significantly in control group. From the present study, it can be concluded that an increase in uric acid levels noticed in diabetic condition may be due to increased catabolism of purines as evidenced by increased activities of 5'-NT, ADA and XO enzymes

Correlation of uric acid levels and purine metabolism enzyme activities in plasma and liver tissues of diabetic rats

The uric acid alteration in human beings causes major health problem due to its pivotal role in the etiology of many systemic diseases. The purine metabolism enzyme activities have a significant role in the process of elevated uric acid in diabetes mellitus. Hence, a study has been undertaken to understand the alteration of these enzyme activities in diabetic condition with an attempt to establish the possible cause for uric acid elevation. Alloxan was administered (150 mg/kg; i.p.) to induce diabetes in rats. Thirty days after alloxan induced diabetes, the enzyme activities were assessed in both plasma and liver tissues. The enzyme activities such as 5-nucleotidase (5-NT), adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO) in the plasma and liver tissues were assayed by spectrometric technique and uric acid levels were also measured by Caraway procedure. A significant (P&lt; 0.001) increase in 5-NT, ADA and XO enzyme activities in plasma and liver tissue with a concomitant increase (P&lt; 0.001) in uric acid levels was observed in diabetic group. The uric acid and the activities of enzymes did not change significantly in control group. From the present study, it can be concluded that an increase in uric acid levels noticed in diabetic condition may be due to increased catabolism of purines as evidenced by increased activities of 5-NT, ADA and XO enzymes

Self-adduct Formation in the Extraction of Nickel(II) Chelates of Certain 8-Quinolinols

983-99

Seed Quality Improvement in Okra through Specific Gravity Separation

A study was conducted to assess the efficiency of specific gravity separator in removing partially filled/chaffy seeds of okra during 2007 and 2008. Bulk seed, after extraction, was first subjected to an air screen cleaner with three screens. Then, the good seed fraction obtained was subjected to specific gravity separation. Three fractions were obtained, viz., heavy, medium and light and they were assessed for quality, along with ungraded seed. Test weight, germination percentage, first count, seedling vigour indices I&amp;II and field emergence were significantly higher in the heavy seed fraction than in ungraded seed. Black seed content in heavy seed fraction was significantly low, thereby improving seed quality. Rejection percentage in terms of light and medium seed fractions put together was 3.5% and 12% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. By removal of these fractions, percentage of field emergence improved from 63% to 82% in 2007, and 62.8 to 76.4% in 2008, respectively

Dried ridge gourd: An excellent source for ecofriendly activated carbon

217-223In the current work, the activated carbon has been prepared from a resource which is considered as the waste and ecofriendly. In addition to above, the used raw material also does not contain the polluting element such as Sulphur or any others. The activated carbon prepared from dried ridge gourd (scrubbing sponge-luffa) by chemical activation methods mitigates the above stated requirements. For the characterization of prepared activated carbon and also determination of the efficiency of the activated carbon as an adsorbents, various types of characterization methods such as BET surface area analysis, morphology verification by SEM, EDX and FT-IR, and Methylene Blue separation experimentation are performed, respectively. The BET SSA is found to be 1221.57 m2g-1, which is comparable with the values reported in literature. The characterization clearly reveals the structure is very similar to honey comb pattern and identified micro pore volume is 0.407 cm3g-1. The removal efficiency of Methylene Blue (MB) by activated carbon (adsorbent) ensures its suitability for the separations and it seems that the experimental data are concurred with Langmuir isotherm of monolayer adsorption. The whole adsorption process is divided into three different regimes on the basis of their controlling parameters, which makes easy to select the appropriate operating zone for a process

Dried ridge gourd: An excellent source for ecofriendly activated carbon

In the current work, the activated carbon has been prepared from a resource which is considered as the waste and ecofriendly. In addition to above, the used raw material also does not contain the polluting element such as Sulphur or any others. The activated carbon prepared from dried ridge gourd (scrubbing sponge-luffa) by chemical activation methods mitigates the above stated requirements. For the characterization of prepared activated carbon and also determination of the efficiency of the activated carbon as an adsorbents, various types of characterization methods such as BET surface area analysis, morphology verification by SEM, EDX and FT-IR, and Methylene Blue separation experimentation are performed, respectively. The BET SSA is found to be 1221.57 m2g-1, which is comparable with the values reported in literature. The characterization clearly reveals the structure is very similar to honey comb pattern and identified micro pore volume is 0.407 cm3g-1. The removal efficiency of Methylene Blue (MB) by activated carbon (adsorbent) ensures its suitability for the separations and it seems that the experimental data are concurred with Langmuir isotherm of monolayer adsorption. The whole adsorption process is divided into three different regimes on the basis of their controlling parameters, which makes easy to select the appropriate operating zone for a process

Evaluation Of Antibody Response To Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccination In Patients With Lymphoid And Solid Organ Malignancies

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. There is emerging evidence regarding suboptimal response to vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with hematologic and solid organ malignancies. We conducted a single-center prospective study assessing seroconversion in response to vaccination against COVID-19 in 53 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), and solid organ malignancies. A quantitative immunoassay of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein was measured prior to vaccination and at 2 weeks after completion of two-dose vaccination series. A fourfold increase in antibody titers was considered positive seroconversion. Through a predesigned survey, patients also self-reported side effects from each dose of vaccination. Seroconversion on vaccination was seen in 6/12 (50%) patients with CLL, 7/11 (63.6%) patients with NHL, 9/10 (90%) patients with MM, and 17/20 (85%) patients with solid organ malignancy. Only 6 of the 14 (42.8%) patients currently on or with previous history of rituximab use seroconverted. Injection site soreness was the most reported side effect. The only severe side effect occurred in a patient with solid organ malignancy who developed Parsonage-Turner syndrome. Patients with CLL and NHL appear less likely to respond to vaccination against COVID-19 in contrast to patients with MM or solid organ malignancies. Previous treatment with rituximab is a possible risk factor for suboptimal response to vaccination. These data highlight the importance of continuing risk mitigation strategies against COVID-19 in individuals with hematologic malignancy, particularly those with CLL or on treatment with rituximab

Optical and electrical properties of F doped SnO2 thin films

A wide variety of commercial devices needs conducting/semiconducting metal oxide materials due to their unique combination of high optical transparency and high electrical conductivity. Moreover, induced defects within the host atomic arrangement are fairly responsible for their desirable optical and electrical properties. Therefore, studying the effect of doped ion is essential for better understanding of the behaviour of conducting/semiconducting metal oxides. In this context, influence of fluorine doping on optical and electrical properties of polycrystalline SnO2 thin films synthesized using sol-gel assisted spin coating method have been investigated in this work. The structural, optical and electronic analysis of pure and F doped SnO2 thin film indicates major effect of F doping concentration. Based on the electrical measurement these films show semiconducting nature with optical band gap in the range from 2.88 to 3.11 eV with increasing F concentration. These results suggest that F doped SnO2 thin films are suitable in field of advance electronic or nano-electronic device technology

Review of data fusion methods for real-time and multi-sensor traffic flow analysis

Recently, development in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) requires the input of various kinds of data in real-time and from multiple sources, which imposes additional research and application challenges. Ongoing studies on Data Fusion (DF) have produced significant improvement in ITS and manifested an enormous impact on its growth. This paper reviews the implementation of DF methods in ITS to facilitate traffic flow analysis (TFA) and solutions that entail the prediction of various traffic variables such as driving behavior, travel time, speed, density, incident, and traffic flow. It attempts to identify and discuss real-time and multi-sensor data sources that are used for various traffic domains, including road/highway management, traffic states estimation, and traffic controller optimization. Moreover, it attempts to associate abstractions of data level fusion, feature level fusion, and decision level fusion on DF methods to better understand the role of DF in TFA and ITS. Consequently, the main objective of this paper is to review DF methods used for real-time and multi-sensor (heterogeneous) TFA studies. The review outcomes are (i) a guideline of constructing DF methods which involve preprocessing, filtering, decision, and evaluation as core steps, (ii) a description of the recent DF algorithms or methods that adopt real-time and multi-sensor sources data and the impact of these data sources on the improvement of TFA, (iii) an examination of the testing and evaluation methodologies and the popular datasets and (iv) an identification of several research gaps, some current challenges, and new research trends