Attractor Solutions in f(T) Cosmology

In this paper, we explore the cosmological implications of interacting dark energy model in a torsion based gravity namely $f(T)$. Assuming dark energy interacts with dark matter and radiation components, we examine the stability of this model by choosing different forms of interaction terms. We consider three different forms of dark energy: cosmological constant, quintessence and phantom energy. We then obtain several attractor solutions for each dark energy model interacting with other components. This model successfully explains the coincidence problem via the interacting dark energy scenario.Comment: 10 pages, 23 figures, version accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C (2012

Solvable K-essence Cosmologies and Modified Chaplygin Gas Unified Models of Dark Energy and Dark Matter

This paper is devoted to the investigation of modified Chaplygin gas model in the context of solvable k-essence cosmologies. For this purpose, we construct equations of state parameter of this model for some particular values of the parameter $n$. The graphical behavior of these equations are also discussed by using power law form of potential. The relationship between k-essence and modified Chaplygin gas model shows viable results in the dark energy scenario. We conclude that the universe behaves as a cosmological constant, quintessence phase or phantom phase depending upon $n$.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Branching Ratio and CP-asymmetry for B-> 1^{1}P_{1}gamma decays

We calculate the branching ratios for B_{d}^{0}->(b_{1},h_{1})gamma at next-to-leading order (NLO) of alpha_{s} where b_{1} and h_{1} are the corresponding radially excited axial vector mesons of rho and omega respectively. Using the SU(3)symmetry for the form factor, the branching ratio for B_{d}^{0}->(b_{1},h_{1})gamma is expressed in terms of the branching ratio of the B_{d}^{0}-> K_{1}gamma and it is found to be B(B_{d}^{0}->b_{1}gamma)=0.71* 10^{-6} and B(B_{d}^{0}-> h_{1}gamma) =0.74*10^{-6}. We also calculate direct CP asymmetry for these decays and find, in confirmity with the observations made in the literature, that the hard spectator contributions significantely reduces the asymmetry arising from the vertex corrections alone. The value of CP-asymmetry is 10% and is negative like rho and omega in the Standard Model.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Power Law Entropy Corrected New-Agegraphic Dark Energy in Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz Cosmology

We investigate the new agegraphic dark energy (NADE) model with power-law corrected entropy in the framework of Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz cosmology. For a non-flat universe containing the interacting power-law entropy-corrected NADE (PLECNADE) with dark matter, we obtain the differential equation of the evolution of density parameter as well as the deceleration parameter. To study parametric behavior, we used an interesting form of state parameter as function of redshift $\omega_{\Lambda}(z)=\omega_0+\omega_1 z$. We found that phantom crossing occurs for the state parameter for a non-zero coupling parameter, thus supporting interacting dark energy model.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in 'Canadian J. Phys.

Forward osmosis for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from water reclamation : process performance and fouling control

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) is considered to be an obstacle in the production of high quality water from water reclamation and desalination plants using dense membrane systems. It normally comprises 10-30% of the feed water of water reclamation plants and 50-75% of the feed water from sea water desalination plants. While coastal water reclamation plants have the opportunity to discharge the RO concentrate directly into the ocean, inland facilities depend on controversial options such as surface water discharge, evaporation ponds, deep well injection and land applications. However, all these options are not sustainable or environmentally friendly. Therefore methods for proper disposal of RO concentrate especially for inland plants are urgently required. Various integrated concentrate treatment concepts have been proposed to minimise waste and maximise water recovery. A key issue in applying the Zero Liquid Discharge principle is the impact of foulants on the concentrate desalinating system, consisting of forward osmosis (FO) and a subsequent crystalliser. This study investigates forward osmosis, which appears to be a promising technology that represents a step towards zero liquid discharge. Organic fouling and inorganic scaling are hypothesised to be the main membrane foulants in FO. Furthermore FO is analysed in the context of removing organic micropollutants from RO concentrate. The following methodology was applied to this study. Two types of flat sheet membranes Cellulose Tricacetate (CTA) and Thin-Film Composite polyamide (TFC-PA) supplied by Hydration Technology Innovation for FO were used. Two model foulants - alginate and humic acid - were used to examine organic fouling of FO membrane. Real RO concentrate from the Sydney Olympic Park Authority’s water recycling plant was used to study fouling and its impact on water flux. Both membranes showed similar trends but permeate flux was higher with the TFC-PA membrane compared to the CTA-NW membrane. Forward osmosis was studied in two ways: FO mode (active layer facing feed solution); and pressure retarded mode (PRO) modes (support layer facing feed solution). The results indicate that alginate is a strong foulant of the PA membrane in PRO mode, and the resulting flux decreased sharply. On the other hand, however, in FO mode only moderate fouling was observed. CTA and TFC (PA) membranes were checked for fouling by humic acid. Approximately 7% TOC was adsorbed on the membrane’s surface resulting in a minor flux decline of 2-4%. Real RO concentrate was tested in concentrations of 38 mg/L (TOC equivalent) with both membranes in FO mode. The TOC adsorption at the membrane surface was low between 2-9%, however a high flux decline was observed with increasing draw solution concentrations. The observed flux decline was about 10-26% for the CTA membrane and 5-55% for the TFC-PA membrane, depending on the DS concentration of 1-4 M NaCl in both cases. Analysis of the inorganics revealed that inorganic scalants were the major contributor to the flux decline. Phosphates, carbonates and silicates were detected as the main scaling compounds. Reducing the pH meant that membrane scaling was significantly reduced. Organic micropollutants were not fully retained by the FO membrane. Size exclusion was identified as the main retaining process. In a comparison of the two membrane types, CTA removed the trace organics to a smaller degree than the TFC membrane. Removal ratio ranged from 40 to 97% (CTA) and 70 to 99% (TFC). Rejection depended on the DS concentration with increasing retention at higher fluxes. The study showed that forward osmosis is a promising technology for RO concentrate treatment and opens new avenues for further research work: • Recovery of nutrients and salts from RO concentrates in water reclamation • Recovery of draw solution and its reuse, thus making FO operation continuous • Post-treatment of permeate to produce high quality recycled wate

Notes on dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle in loop quantum cosmology

We investigate the behavior of dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle in the framework of loop quantum cosmology. In four toy models, we study the interaction between the cosmic components by choosing different coupling functions representing the interaction. We found that there are only two attractor solutions namely dark energy dominated and dark matter dominated Universe. The other two models are unstable, as they predict either a dark energy filled Universe or one completely devoid of it.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures. v2: Minor revisions, matches published versio

Constraints on coupling constant between dark energy and dark matter

We have investigated constraints on the coupling between dark matter and the interacting Chaplygin gas. Our results indicate that the coupling constant $c$ between these two entities can take arbitrary values, which can be either positive or negative, thus giving arbitrary freedom to the inter-conversion between Chaplygin gas and dark matter. Thus our results indicate that the restriction $0<c<1$ on the coupling constant occurs as a very special case. Our analysis also supports the existence of phantom energy under certain conditions on the coupling constant.Comment: 16 Pages, 3 figure

Pemahaman Teks Tentang Perempuan dalam Islam

In the scope of Islamic Studies, woman's matter has almost become controversy. One side considers woman as a second class. The other side considers as equal as man. Are three topics to be discussed in this article, namely the creating of woman, woman political role, and woman withes value? This article is intended to present philosophers different thought of woman. Through deep research, it is found that controversy occurred based on different understanding toward the religious text. One side comprehends the text in textual, the other side comprehends the text in contextual, without neglecting sociological and historical approaches of the emerging text.ملخص: وفىمجال البحث للتعـاليم الاسلأمـية، مازالـت المرأة موضوعة مشكـة عـن المـفـكـريـن. بعـضهـم يعـدونهاانـسـانا جانبيا، وبـعـضهم يك فحون المساواة بيـن الرجل والمرأة. وفىهذه المقالـة تـبحـث ثلاثمـسا ئل، وهى: اول تكويـن المرأة ودورالمرأة فىميدان السـياســة وقـيـم شـهادةالمرأة. وبعدالبحـث عـن هذهالمـسـألة بحـثـا عـميـقا، فـتـوجدالواقعة ان جذرالمـشـكـة هواخـتلأف الفهـم عـن النـصوالديـنـيـة. كان الفـريـق يـفهـمها فـهـمالفظيـا والـفـريـق الأ خريفهمها فهماسـياقـيا واطاريا بـتـقـرن الاجـتـماعـيـة والتاريخـيـة علىالنصواردة