ERUCA SATIVA LINN.: PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

Eruca sativa (jarjeer) is an annual herb (family Brassicaceae), which contains a wide range of chemicals and minerals with nutraceutical and organoleptic characteristics. Jarjeer was generally used as a food and traditionally mainly consumed due to its aphrodisiac properties. This crop known to contain various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpens, carotenoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, sterols, alkaloids, and other secondary metabolites. In leaves, kaempferol and its derivatives, glucosativin, are the main flavonoids and glucosinolate, respectively, while erucic acid and glucoerucin are the main fatty acid and glucosinolate, respectively. Medicinally, the plant has antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, and antioxidant activity and stimulates hair growth and other effects. Trails on topical pharmaceutical preparations involve the use of E. sativa which had been done. These preparations include creams and waxs which are intended to be used for potentiating hair growth and skin fungal and bacterial infection

QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN FLAVONOIDS AND PHENOLIC ACIDS CONTENTS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF MELIA AZEDARACH (FAMILY: MELIACEAE) CULTIVATED IN IRAQ BY HPLC AND HPTLC

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare between flavonoids and phenolic acids contents of leaves and fruits of Melia azedarach since no phytochemical investigation had done previously in Iraq.Methods: The leaves and fruits of Melia azedarach were extracted by soxhlet using 80% ethanol then the dried extract was suspended in water and fractionated using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction was hydrolyzed by acid and partitioned with ethyl acetate. The different fractions containing flavonoids and phenolic acids were analyzed by HPLC and HPTLC.Results: The HPLC results revealed the presence catechin-7-O-glycoside in fruit only, while kaempferol-7-O-glycoside is found in the leaves only. Catechin and its glycosides are more abundant in the fruits than in the leaves. The HPTLC results revealed that kaempferol and quercetin are present in all fractions of leaves and fruits as aglycones and as glycosides. Free chlorogenic was found in both leaves and fruits.Conclusion: No major differences were found between the flavonoids and phenolic acids contents of the leaves and fruits of Melia azedarach

Community Participation toward Tourism Development and Conservation Program in Rural World Heritage Sites

Community participation in tourism development and World Heritage Site (WHS) conservation management is essential for the sustainable development of WHS destinations. Local communities play a significant role in reviving and sustaining WHSs. Community participation ranges from involvement in the decision-making processes at the highest level down to economic involvement and the promotion of the destination at the lowest level. What shape community participation ultimately takes depends on the circumstance of destinations. This study attempts to review the current community participation literature with respect to rural WHS destinations, synthesising the current literature by way of a systematic review. The findings reveal a preference among rural WHS residents for economic involvement and destination promotion rather than participation in the decision-making process. The findings of this study expand upon the community participation literature, clarifying the concept in the context of rural WHS destinations. In addition, the results have practical implications for local authorities responsible for the sustainable conservation management and tourism development of rural WHS—that these seemingly competing objectives are best achieved by involving local residents in economic activities and increasing their benefits from tourism

Heavy metals in blood and urine impact on the woman fertility

This study was designed to investigate heavy metals that were associated with fertility of women. Heavy metals have been identified as factors affecting human fertility. For a lot of women, whole blood specimens were analyzed for Pb, Zn, As, Mg, Co, Sn, Ag, Sb, Fe, and Cr using ICP–MS. Heavy  metals as estimated  has an impact on the hormonal profile and fertility in women. Findings indicate that Fe, Mg and Zn may impact female fecundity, also findings indicate that Fe, Mg and Zn caucus a different affects in the blood and urine samples , Fe >Mg> Zn > Pb > Sn > Cr as shown by the high concentrations of  Fe, Mg,  Pb,  and Zn,  in the blood and in urine samples.  Fe >Mg> Zn > Pb > Sn > Cr as shown by the high concentrations of Fe, Mg, Pb, and Zn  in the blood and in urine samples. Significant difference(p<0.001) found in blood concentration of these metals, where highest concentration was found in Fe, while the lowest observed in Cr, also showed significant (p<0.001) difference among the concentrations of these metals in urine. The highest concentration was noticed in Mg, while the lowest was in Cr, Keyword: Heave metals, blood, urine, lead, women infertilit

Estimation the dose on radiosensitive tissue for women in dwelling and health risks caused to reduce the fertility women and cancer in gonads in Iraqi Kurdistan regions.

Present work, described the risk of indoor radon  concentration on the women ?s body tissue, such as  bladder, gonads, and uterus.  Minimum and  maximum annual effective dose A. E. D. to  uterus and many tissues were found  2.39 m Svy-1 and 32.28 mSvy-1,  respectively. The lowest radon concentration detected was found in the living room   94.883 Bq m-3, and the highest radon concentration detected was found in the kitchen  364.412  Bq m-3. The distribution of indoor radon concentration was high in many houses and many pose health risk affected on women fertility causative the infertility and cancer in gonads. The large variation of the indoor radon activity between different dwellings can be explained depending on the age of the house, ventilation conditions and the type of building materials, nature of the soil underneath, and geological considerations.  Majority of the houses had poor ventilation attributed to the absence of ventilators.  Dose is higher in old houses than in new ones because the ventilation rates in new houses are higher than those in old houses. The results showed significant difference ( p value  <  0.001) found between kitchen and living results, where concentration of radon in kitchen had higher results medians than results of living. Significant difference ( p value  <  0.001)  found among organs in living room, where the gonads are the organ with highest concentration while bladders were the lowest,  also significant difference ( p value  <  0.001)  found among participants organs in kitchen room Key words: Infertility, gonads cancer, indoor radon, human risk, CR-39NTDs, annual effective dose

Persistency of window dressing practices in the US repo markets after the GFC: The unexplored role of the deposit insurance premium

We investigate whether the regulatory improvements made in the aftermath of the global financial crisis have been effective in limiting bank downward window dressing by means of repos in the United States. We find that a strict application of the Basel III regulation wipes out incentives to engage in window dressing to bolster the level of leverage Tier 1 ratio at quarter-end. We also show that the persistency of window dressing is related to the computation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessment base, which motivates banks to engage in window dressing to reduce the deposit insurance premium

Perceived Social Effects of Tourism Development: A Case Study of Kinabalu National Park

We investigate the perceived social effects of tourism development on local communities from the perspective of local residents in selected locations near Kinabalu National Park. Local residents (n=378) were surveyed using a questionnaire and the collected data subjected to a series of descriptive analysis methods. Most respondents indicated that tourism, aside from being a stimulus for various cultural activities, had significantly increased their and other local people‟s pride in their national and local culture. Additionally, respondents indicated that community facilities had been improved as a result of tourism, and that their quality of life had also significantly improved. Paradoxically, the results indicated several negative effects, such as congestion and the exposure of anti-social behavior to the local community. However, the findings revealed that most local residents believed that the positive effects of tourism outweighed the negative. Obstacles to the sustainable Management of tourism in Kinabalu National Park must be overcome through the combined efforts of key stakeholders involved in tourism, including government and local authorities. The participation of the local community is an essential part of this bridging process because their involvement helps to protect and conserve the area as a tourist attraction. Moreover, participation can also help overcome negative social effects. Keywords: Positive perceived social effects, negative perceived social effect, tourism development, residents‟ perceptions, local community, sustainable tourism

Respuesta de termoluminiscencia del sistema de vidrio anfitriónde sílice borato de zinc (ZBS) irradiado con electrones y fotones

Introduction: Glass phosphors are broadly used to determine patient doses in radiation diagnostic and radiotherapy because of their good features, the dose ranges of interest are approximately0.1 -100 mGy for clinical x-ray diagnostics, and 1-5Gy for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Borate silica glass samples were prepared using melt quenching technique, XRD analysis confirms that the glass system is amorphous (non- crystalline). TL properties of glass were investigated such as optimum concentration, heating rate, and annealing procedure. The optimum glass samples of 45ZnO-45B 2O3-10SiO2 are used as glass radiation dosimeter. The samples were irradiated using 6MeV and 6MV photon beams in adose range (0.5-4) Gy. Results and Discussion: There is single and wide thermoluminescence glow curve that offering with maximum intensity at about 165 oC. Linear dose-response behavior has been observed in this dose range for both irradiation electron and photon beam. Sensitivity and minimum detectable dose have been found. The sensitivity of 6MeV is 1.7 greater than the sensitivity of 6MV photon energy. Conclusions: The results point out that this glass has the potential to be used as an electron and photon radiation dosimeter

City Development Strategies (CDS) and Sustainable Urbanization in Developing World

AbstractA process that balances among economic, environmental and social perspective on urban area is prominently known as “Sustainable urbanization”. There is an expert system required to create this balance. Alternatively, to balance various aspects, urban planning is a conventional tool adapted. To achieve sustainability, urban planning has a key role in providing the balance. In significantly represented portion of developing countries, City Development Strategies (CDS) is an emerging strategic urban planning approach to maintain sustainability. This achievement varies at different level based on various definitions of CDS. By choosing some specific definitions of CDS by international agencies, this paper studies and compares the accomplishment