Quaternions, octonions and Bell-type inequalities

Multipartite Bell-type inequalities are derived for general systems. They involve up to eight observables with arbitrary spectra on each site. These inequalities are closely related to the algebras of quaternions and octonions.Comment: 4 pages, no figure

How ripples turn into dots: modeling ion-beam erosion under oblique incidence

Pattern formation on semiconductor surfaces induced by low energetic ion-beam erosion under normal and oblique incidence is theoretically investigated using a continuum model in form of a stochastic, nonlocal, anisotropic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. Depending on the size of the parameters this model exhibits hexagonally ordered dot, ripple, less regular and even rather smooth patterns. We investigate the transitional behavior between such states and suggest how transitions can be experimentally detected.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted for publication, revised versio

Effects of stellar outflows on interstellar sulfur oxide chemistry

Interferometer Maps with 2" to 6" resolution of a number of regions with active star formation (Orion A, W49, W51, SGRB2) show that the distribution of the molecule SO is very compact around stellar outflow sources. Both SO and SO2 were studied near three outflows, OrionA/IRc2 and two sources in W49. The two molecules have similar distributions and abundances. More than 95% of the emission comes from regions whose extents are only .05 to .2 pc., being larger around the more energetic sources. Their spectra are broad, 30 km/sec or more, suggesting that the oxide production is associated with the flows. The outflows are identified by water masers and by extended bipolar flows in SiO. Maps in other molecules, such as HCO+ and CS, which have similar collisional excitation requirements, have much greater spatial extent. Thus it appears that the SO and SO2 abundances are truly compact and are closely associated with the outflows

Raman-assisted Rabi resonances in two-mode cavity QED

The dynamics of a vibronic system in a lossy two-mode cavity is studied, with the first mode being resonant to the electronic transition and the second one being nearly resonant due to Raman transitions. We derive analytical solutions for the dynamics of this system. For a properly chosen detuning of the second mode from the exact Raman resonance, we obtain conditions that are closely related to the phenomenon of Rabi resonance as it is well known in laser physics. Such resonances can be observed in the spontaneous emission spectra, where the spectrum of the second mode in the case of weak Raman coupling is enhanced substantially.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Representation of entanglement by negative quasi-probabilities

Any bipartite quantum state has quasi-probability representations in terms of separable states. For entangled states these quasi-probabilities necessarily exhibit negativities. Based on the general structure of composite quantum states, one may reconstruct such quasi-propabilities from experimental data. Because of ambiguity, the quasi-probabilities obtained by the bare reconstruction are insufficient to identify entanglement. An optimization procedure is introduced to derive quasi-probabilities with a minimal amount of negativity. Negativities of optimized quasi-probabilities unambiguously prove entanglement, their positivity proves separability.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; An optimization procedure for the quasi-probabilities has been adde

Radio Observations of the AGN and Gas in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

LSB galaxies have low metallicities, diffuse stellar disks, and massive HI disks. We have detected molecular gas in two giant LSB galaxies, UGC 6614 and F568-6. A millimeter continuum source has been detected in UGC 6614 as well. At centimeter wavelengths we have detected and mapped the continuum emission from the giant LSB galaxy 1300+0144. The emission is extended about the nucleus and is most likely originating from the AGN in the galaxy. The HI gas distribution and velocity field in 1300+0144 was also mapped. The HI disk extends well beyond the optical disk and appears lopsided in the intensity maps.Comment: one page; submitted to proceedings of IAU Symposium 235: Galaxy Evolution across the Hubble Tim

True photo-counting statistics of multiple on-off detectors

We derive a closed photo-counting formula, including noise counts and a finite quantum efficiency, for photon number resolving detectors based on on-off detectors. It applies to detection schemes such as array detectors and multiplexing setups. The result renders it possible to compare the corresponding measured counting statistics with the true photon number statistics of arbitrary quantum states. The photo-counting formula is applied to the discrimination of photon numbers of Fock states, squeezed states, and odd coherent states. It is illustrated for coherent states that our formula is indispensable for the correct interpretation of quantum effects observed with such devices.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure