Experimental evidence of the ferroelectric phase transition near the λ−\lambda-point in liquid water

We studied dielectric properties of nano-sized liquid water samples confined in polymerized silicates MCM-41 characterized by the porous sizes \sim 3-10nm. We report the direct measurements of the dielectric constant by the dielectric spectroscopy method at frequencies 25Hz-1MHz and demonstrate clear signatures of the second-order phase transition of ferroelectric nature at temperatures next to the \lambda- point in the bulk supercooled water. The presented results support the previously developed polar liquid phenomenology and hence establish its applicability to model actual phenomena in liquid water.Comment: 4 pages, single figur

Authentication, authorization, accounting and charging for the mobile internet

Mobile data services across the Internet pave the path for a society of tomorrow. Users will be able to access data, information, and services independent of their location. This will ease the way of business and private life, such as for the travelling field engineer repairing electronic devices at the customers’ premises by downloading a new control software or the family on vacation accessing on their Personal Digital Assistant local maps and information on tourist attractions. Having these applications in mind, the Internet technology as it exists today has to be enhanced by a number of different features. An important one is the infrastructure for Authentication, Authorization, Accounting, and Charging (AAAC) those mobile services. These functions will ensure that mobility will not happen into places where not authorized and will enable a commercial operation of a network, which offers services to be sold, such as services with varying Quality-of-Service (QoS) or different security degrees. Therefore, existing approaches, such as the traditional AAA (Authorization, Authentication, and Accounting) Architecture of the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) have to be enhanced and equipped with performing and suitable functionalities

Extensions of AAA for future IP networks

The design of an extended and generic authentication, authorization, accounting, and charging architecture (AAAC Arch.) has been performed within the IST project MobyDick. In addition, this architecture has been implemented to address MobyDick's main objective: to facilitate the deployment of a ubiquitous mobile IPv6-based, quality-of-service (QoS)-aware infrastructure through a flexible and evolutionary AAAC Architecture. While the AAAC Arch. is based on the DIAMETER protocol, basic concepts developed cover session and services models, user profiles to allow for user mobility and QoS-aware authorization. Based on those basic building blocks for the extended AAAC Arch., the implementation of user registration, service authorization, metering, accounting, charging, and auditing is discussed. The paper closes with the presentation of the two trial sites used and their testbeds

Stiller: Grids in a Mobile World: Akogrimo’s Network and Business Views; IFI

Abstract — The use of wireless networking technologies has emerged over recent years in many application domains. The area of grids determines a potentially huge application domain, since the typical centralized computing centers require access from anywhere, e.g., from field engineers who are situated in a wireless network domain. Thus, the integration of suitable business views on mobile grids, of grid views on available technologies, and network views in a fully IP-based network domain determines the key challenge. The Akogrimo project’s architecture developed, is outlined and discussed in this paper and provides the major details required to offer a fully integrated and interoperable solution for those three views of concern