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    Роль ингибирования Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ цитотоксичности Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… линиях ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹

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    Background. Despite advantages in treatment of metastatic melanoma it remains resistant to current therapy. Recent evidence indicates that tumor cells could overcome death through autophagy, a process that degrades cellular proteins and organelles to maintain cellular biosynthesis during nutrient deprivation or lack of energy. Objective: to investigate the involvement of autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and LY-294.002 (LY) in temozolomide (TMZ) cytotoxicity in human melanoma cell lines.Materials and methods. The study was performed on patient-derived melanoma cell lines Mel Z, Mel IL and Mel MTP. The antiproliferative activity of combined TMZ and autophagy inhibitors treatment was determined by MTT assay and colony-forming assay. Cell cycle analysis, apoptosis activation and expression analysis of key autophagy markers under combined treatment was evaluated.Results. CQ and LY enhanced the cytotoxicity of TMZ and reduced colony formation in 3 melanoma cell lines, moreover both inhibitors increased cell population in G0 / G1 phase of cell cycle in Mel Z, Mel IL cell lines, but not in Mel MTP. CQ and LY synergistically activated apoptosis in all cell lines. The matrix RNA expression analysis of key autophagy genes showed autophagy involvement in enhanced cytotoxicity.Conclusions. Thus, autophagy inhibition on different stages of this process could overcome resistance to TMZ and be applicable as potent target in metastatic melanoma treatment.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. НСсмотря Π½Π° соврСмСнныС успСхи Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ мСтастатичСской ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, эта нозология остаСтся ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ рСзистСнтной ΠΊ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ гибСль посрСдством Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ – процСсса, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ свои собствСнныС Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ нСдостаткС энСргии ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств.ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – исслСдованиС влияния ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ (CQ) ΠΈ LY-294.002 (LY) Π½Π° Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° (TMZ) Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… линиях ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… линиях ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ Mel Z, Mel IL ΠΈ Mel MTP, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² РОНЦ ΠΈΠΌ. Н. Н. Π‘Π»ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ активности TMZ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ исслСдовали с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ МВВ-тСста ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° колониСобразования. ΠœΡ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экспрСссии основных ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. CQ ΠΈ LY усиливали Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ TMZ ΠΈ сниТали число ТизнСспособных ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ всСх ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… линиях, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ популяции ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² стадии G0 / G1 Π² линиях Mel Z, Mel IL, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π² Mel MTP. Показано Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ CQ ΠΈ LY синСргично Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ· Π²ΠΎ всСх исслСдованных линиях. Анализ экспрСссии ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ РНК ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π˜Π½Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… этапах Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса позволяСт ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ TMZ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ рассмотрСна ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ пСрспСктивная мишСнь для Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹

    The role of autophagy inhibition in the enhanced cytotoxicity of temozolomide on melanoma cell lines

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    Background. Despite advantages in treatment of metastatic melanoma it remains resistant to current therapy. Recent evidence indicates that tumor cells could overcome death through autophagy, a process that degrades cellular proteins and organelles to maintain cellular biosynthesis during nutrient deprivation or lack of energy. Objective: to investigate the involvement of autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and LY-294.002 (LY) in temozolomide (TMZ) cytotoxicity in human melanoma cell lines.Materials and methods. The study was performed on patient-derived melanoma cell lines Mel Z, Mel IL and Mel MTP. The antiproliferative activity of combined TMZ and autophagy inhibitors treatment was determined by MTT assay and colony-forming assay. Cell cycle analysis, apoptosis activation and expression analysis of key autophagy markers under combined treatment was evaluated.Results. CQ and LY enhanced the cytotoxicity of TMZ and reduced colony formation in 3 melanoma cell lines, moreover both inhibitors increased cell population in G0 / G1 phase of cell cycle in Mel Z, Mel IL cell lines, but not in Mel MTP. CQ and LY synergistically activated apoptosis in all cell lines. The matrix RNA expression analysis of key autophagy genes showed autophagy involvement in enhanced cytotoxicity.Conclusions. Thus, autophagy inhibition on different stages of this process could overcome resistance to TMZ and be applicable as potent target in metastatic melanoma treatment
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