Asset Effects in Land Price Formation in Agriculture: The Evidence from South Asia

The purpose of this paper is to examine the land market behaviour in South Asia, taking the most technologically advanced Punjab (both Pakistan and India) as an example, and to consider the disparity issues in development. Land market in Punjab was given momentum when the private proprietorship of land was established in the middle of the 19th century. Land market behaviour in terms of the rentland price ratio or the profitability of investment in land cannot be explained by the conventional rent theory. Land price has never been the discounted value of rent. We try to explain the market behaviour by incorporating asset effects in addition to the technological effects in agricultural production. Since the land price data are not published after independence both in Pakistan and India, it is difficult to confirm whether or not the observed trend of declining rent-land price ratio can be observed after independence. However, judging from the scattered field survey data, we could presume that the asset effects have been positive and increasing, thereby reducing the R/P ratio much lower than the market interest rate. The study raises questions with respect to the direction of public investment, land tax policy, and the growing disparity between rent receivers and rent payers

Giant Intrinsic Spin and Orbital Hall Effects in Sr2MO4 (M=Ru,Rh,Mo)

We investigate the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) and the d-orbital Hall conductivity (OHC) in metallic d-electron systems, by focusing on the t_{2g}-orbital tight-binding model for Sr2MO4 (M=Ru,Rh,Mo). The conductivities obtained are one or two orders of magnitude larger than predicted values for p-type semiconductors with 5% hole doping. The origin of these giant Hall effects is the ``effective Aharonov-Bohm phase'' that is induced by the d-atomic angular momentum in connection with the spin-orbit interaction and the inter-orbital hopping integrals. The huge SHC and OHC generated by this mechanism are expected to be ubiquitous in multiorbital transition metal complexes, which pens the possibility of realizing spintronics as well as orbitronics devices.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in PR

Crystallization Behavior And Micromorphology Of Sol-gel Derived Mesoporous Nano-particles Titania

CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF SOL-GEL DERIVED MESOPOROUS NANO-PARTICLES TITANIA. In this work, effects of drying methods on the micro-morphology ofinesoporpous TiO2 prepared by the sol-gel method has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and N2 gas adsorption. Mesoporous TiO2 consists of anatase nano-particles, about 5nm in diameter, have been obtained by hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in a methanol solution and supercritical extraction in CO2 at 60°C and 22Mpa. XRD peaks ofrutile have been found after annealing at 600°C. The particle sizes of anatase and rutile are about 13 and 25nm in diameter, respectively. The surface morphology of Ti02 nano-particles has been discussed with the surface fractal dimensions estimated from the N2 gas adsorption isotherms

Electromagnetic Response of a kx±ikyk_x\pm ik_y Superconductor: Effect of Order Parameter Collective Modes

Effects of order parameter collective modes on electromagnetic response are studied for a clean spin-triplet superconductor with $k_x\pm ik_y$ orbital symmetry, which has been proposed as a candidate pairing symmetry for Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. It is shown that the $k_x \pm ik_y$ superconductor has characteristic massive collective modes analogous to the clapping mode in the A-phase of superfluid $^3$He. We discuss the contribution from the collective modes to ultrasound attenuation and electromagnetic absorption. We show that in the electromagnetic absorption spectrum the clapping mode gives rise to a resonance peak well below the pair breaking frequency, while the ultrasound attenuation is hardly influenced by the collective excitations.Comment: 4 pages RevTex, 1 eps figur

Sol-gel Process for the Manufacturing of Translucent Lead Zirconate Titanate Gel-monolith

Translucent Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) gel-monolith was prepared by partially hydrolyzing metal alkoxides solution which modified with acetylacetone(acacH). Metal alkoxides, lead di-i-propoxide, zirconium tetra-nbutoxide and titanium tetra-i-propoxide were used as starting materials. In Infrared spectra for the translucent monolithic gel after aging at room temperature for several days or drying at 90°C for 18h, the most significant feature is the presence of band at around 1554 cm-1 which can be assigned to the v (C-O) and v (C-C) vibrati-ons of acetylacetanate group coordinated to the metal cations Ti and Zr. The diffraction peaks of PbO were found after heating at 300°C for 2h. After heating at 450 °C for 2 h, diffraction peaks of pyrochlore Pb2 Ti206 and perovskite PZT phase were observed. The diffraction peaks of PbO and pyrochlore phase disappeared after heating at 600°C, and tetragonal perovskite phase was stable up to 1000 °C. The diffraction peaks of perovskite phase were also found after heating at 430 ° for 24 h. The density of the compacted pulverizedgel after heating at 1000°C for 30 min. was 6.9 g/cm3 , about 86% of the theoretical value

Electronic susceptibilities in systems with anisotropic Fermi surfaces

The low temperature dependence of the spin and charge susceptibilities of an anisotropic electron system in two dimensions is analyzed. It is shown that the presence of inflection points at the Fermi surface leads, generically, to a $T \log T$ dependence, and a more singular behavior, $\chi \sim T ^{3/4} \log T$, is also possible. Applications to quasi two-dimensional materials are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, revtex 4 styl