215 research outputs found
NMR-crystallographic study of two-dimensionally self-assembled cyclohexane-based low-molecular-mass organic compounds
Prediction of huge X-ray Faraday rotation at the Gd N_4,5 threshold
X-ray absorption spectra in a wide energy range around the 4d-4f excitation
threshold of Gd were recorded by total electron yield from in-plane magnetized
Gd metal films. Matching the experimental spectra to tabulated absorption data
reveals unprecedented short light absorption lengths down to 3 nm. The
associated real parts of the refractive index for circularly polarized light
propagating parallel or antiparallel to the Gd magnetization, determined
through the Kramers-Kronig transformation, correspond to a magneto-optical
Faraday rotation of 0.7 degrees per atomic layer. This finding shall allow the
study of magnetic structure and magnetization dynamics of lanthanide elements
in nanosize systems and dilute alloys.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, final version resubmitted to Phys. Rev. B, Brief
Reports. Minor change
A Comprehensive Review on the Surgical Aspect of Lung Transplant Models in Mice and Rats
Lung transplantation improves the outcome and quality of life of patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. However, the procedure is still hampered by the lack of suitable donors, the complexity of the surgery, and the risk of developing chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Over the past decades, translational experiments in animal models have led to a better understanding of physiology and immunopathology following the lung transplant procedure. Small animal models (e.g., rats and mice) are mostly used in experiments regarding immunology and pathobiology and are preferred over large animal models due to the ethical aspects, the cost-benefit balance, and the high throughput possibility. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the reported surgical techniques for lung transplantation in rodent models and the management of perioperative complications. Furthermore, we propose a guide to help identify the appropriate species for a given experiment and discuss recent experimental findings in small animal lung transplant models
Case report: C-reactive protein apheresis in cardiogenic shock: case series from the C-reactive protein apheresis in acute myocardial infarction-registry
C-reactive protein (CRP) apheresis may preserve myocardial tissue after acute myocardial infarction with delayed revascularization. Ten consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock were graded using the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions shock classification and treated with CRP apheresis. All patients tolerated CRP apheresis well and were discharged in good clinical condition
Capacity building in citizen science
Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development.
This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today
ECSA's Characteristics of Citizen Science: Explanation Notes
This explanation document provides an interpretation of and explanation for the characteristics document, which was kept short to make it useful to different stakeholders. In this document, the characteristics document is represented, with the original text in blue and an explanation in black
Powder Bed Layer Characteristics: The Overseen First-Order Process Input
A discrete element powder model is used in conjunction with a finite volume melting model on the first layer of a powder bed selective laser melting process
Dynamic Acoustic Control of Individual Optically Active Quantum Dot-like Emission Centers in Heterostructure Nanowires
We probe and control the optical properties of emission centers forming in
radial het- erostructure GaAs-Al0.3Ga0.7As nanowires and show that these
emitters, located in Al0.3Ga0.7As layers, can exhibit quantum-dot like
characteristics. We employ a radio frequency surface acoustic wave to
dynamically control their emission energy and occupancy state on a nanosec- ond
timescale. In the spectral oscillations we identify unambiguous signatures
arising from both the mechanical and electrical component of the surface
acoustic wave. In addition, differ- ent emission lines of a single quantum dot
exhibit pronounced anti-correlated intensity oscilla- tions during the acoustic
cycle. These arise from a dynamically triggered carrier extraction out of the
quantum dot to a continuum in the radial heterostructure. Using finite element
modeling and Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin theory we identify quantum tunneling as
the underlying mech- anism. These simulation results quantitatively reproduce
the observed switching and show that in our systems these quantum dots are
spatially separated from the continuum by > 10.5 nm.Comment: This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work
that was subsequently accepted for publication in Nano Letters, copyright
\c{copyright} American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the
final edited and published work see
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl404043
Contours of Citizen Science: A Vignette Study
Citizen science has expanded rapidly over the past decades. Yet, defining citizen science and its boundaries remained a challenge, and this is reflected in the literature - for example in the proliferation of typologies and definitions. There is a need for identifying areas of agreement and disagreement within the citizen science practitioners community on what should be considered as citizen science activity. This paper describes the development and results of a survey that examined this issue, through the use of vignettes - short case descriptions that describe an activity, while asking the respondents to rate the activity on a scale from ‘not citizen science’ (0%) to ‘citizen science’ (100%). The survey included 50 vignettes, of which 5 were developed as clear cases of not-citizen science activities, 5 as widely accepted citizen science activities, and the others addressing 10 factors and 61 sub-factors that can lead to controversy about an activity. The survey has attracted 333 respondents, who provided over 5,100 ratings. The analysis demonstrates the plurality of understanding of what citizen science is and calls for an open understanding of what activities are included in the field
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