Semi-exclusive DVCS

We consider Semi-Exclusive Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering, gamma* p \to gamma Y (SECS), where Y is an inclusive state of intermediate mass, \Lambda_QCD << m_Y << Q. When the photon is produced with a large transverse momentum k_T \sim m_Y the subprocess is hard and the struck quark fragments independently of the target spectators. Using completeness this allows to express the SECS cross section in terms of ordinary parton distributions. Apart from direct comparisons with data (yet to come) new information on Bloom-Gilman duality may be obtained through comparisons of resonance production via DVCS (gamma* p \to gamma N*) with the SECS scaling distribution in m_Y.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Borrowing, resource transfers, and external shocks to developing countries : historical and counterfactual

Since the late 1970's the buildup and servicing of external debt has dominated the economic situation in many developing countries. This paper gathers some statistical evidence on the magnitude of lending and repayment and on the question of whether repayment reduces the resources available for development. The evidence largely confirms commonly held beliefs. Although most debtor countries have made net transfers of resources to creditors, middle-income countries that have not had to reschedule their debts have averaged smaller net transfers than those that did reschedule. Adverse changes in terms of trade since 1978 accounted for most of the debt buildup in many non-oil developing countries. The mostly favorable terms of trade for oil exporters, on the other hand, gave them large gains that could have more than covered the losses of the oil importing developing countries. Heavy borrowing by oil exporters during favorable times seems to have been a major factor in precipitating the debt crisis. Since the debt crisis, the highly indebted countries have greatly increased their official borrowing. Increased official lending might help the resource balance and domestic investment of lower-income countries more than those of middle-income countries with high commercial debts.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Strategic Debt Management,Financial Intermediation

The effect of demographic changes on saving for life cycle motives in developing countries

If developing countries follow the same paths that industrialized countries have followed, saving for retirement will initially become more important as the population growth rate declines. To calculate the potential importance of life-cycle savings (saving for retirement), the paper presents a simulation model that translates demographic projections into savings-rate projections. It simulated aggregate rates for life-cycle savings for Brazil, China, Korea, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey. The savings rates increase 5 or 6 percentage points when the last baby boomers enter the work force and begin to save after their children leave home. The effect on life-cycle savings is dramatic; the effect on total savings rates which are often three or four times as high, is not. Simulated life-cycle savings rates peak at an absolute 10 percent or less in all cases. The patterns of these projections seem robust with regard to assumptions about productivity growth, interest rates, and age-specific participation in the labor force.Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Inequality

How well do we need to measure Higgs boson couplings?

Most of the discussion regarding the Higgs boson couplings to Standard Model vector bosons and fermions is presented with respect to what present and future collider detectors will be able to measure. Here, we ask the more physics-based question of how well do we need to measure the Higgs boson couplings? We first present a reasonable definition of "need" and then investigate the answer in the context of various highly motivated new physics scenarios: supersymmetry, mixed-in hidden sector Higgs bosons, and a composite Higgs boson. We find the largest coupling deviations away from the SM Higgs couplings that are possible if no other state related to EWSB is directly accessible at the LHC. Depending on the physics scenario under consideration, we find targets that range from less than 1% to 10% for vector bosons, and from a few percent to tens of percent for couplings to fermions.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures; v3: minor corrections, to be published in Physical Review

How well do we need to measure the Higgs boson mass and self-coupling?

Much of the discussion regarding future measurements of the Higgs boson mass and self-coupling is focussed on how well various collider options can do. In this article we ask a physics-based question of how well do we need colliders to measure these quantities to have an impact on discovery of new physics or an impact in how we understand the role of the Higgs boson in nature. We address the question within the framework of the Standard Model and various beyond the Standard Model scenarios, including supersymmetry and theories of composite Higgs bosons. We conclude that the LHC's stated ability to measure the Higgs boson to better than 150 MeV will be as good as we will ever need to know the Higgs boson mass in the foreseeable future. On the other hand, we estimate that the self-coupling will likely need to be measured to better than 20 percent to see a deviation from the Standard Model expectation. This is a challenging target for future collider and upgrade scenarios.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure

William Morris and Diego Rivera: The Pursuit of Art for the People

The purpose of this thesis is to draw parallels between the art and philosophy of William Morris (1834-1896) and Diego Rivera (1886-1957). Morris drew on his interest in gothic art and architecture, his love of Romantic literature, and his commitment to social reform, to articulate the aesthetic and social vision of the Arts and Crafts Movement in England. Examples of Morris’s writings and his handicraft in the form of wallpapers, books, furniture, and the Red House will be examined. Diego Rivera was a Mexican painter and socialist activist perhaps best known for his murals depicting the working class. Several of Rivera’s murals will be discussed. Although not contemporaries, Morris and Rivera shared ideological kinship by expressing national identity in their work, advocating for art for all people, and promoting a socialist agenda through their writing and art. Divided into two sections, the paper provides a brief biography of each man, describing their lives and works, followed by a discussion of the nationalistic themes portrayed in their work, their views on availability of art for everyone, and their beliefs that socialism could elevate working classes. William Morris and Diego Rivera lived on different continents during separate time periods in history and yet had similar sources of inspiration that influenced their work. Both were influenced by architecture, the relationship between labor and mechanized production, the cultural and historical identity of their respective homelands, and socialist politics; both, in their own way, embraced their theme of art for the people

Music, Community, and Cooperation in a Lower Elementary Classroom

The following research assesses how daily singing and music in an elementary classroom impacted the sense of community, care of materials and cooperation during clean up time. This study involved daily singing of a set of songs with lyrical themes of cooperation and unity, and then playing of recorded versions of the same songs during clean up time. The eight-week study involved 16 participants between the ages of 6 and 9 at a private school in Minnesota. Each individual completed a pre and post-survey. During clean up time, observations of helpful behaviors were recorded, and any relevant quotations noted. Results of the surveys showed an increase in student enjoyment of group singing, and in the understanding of the terms “cooperation” and “community.” There was also an increase in observed helpful behaviors throughout the intervention, particularly in material care. Results show that daily group singing has a positive affect on building community, and increases cooperation levels while caring for materials. Further research may include using group singing to teach other topics such as environmental care, racial equality or academic subject matter

Prison 2 Society

Abstract Returning to the community from jail is a complex transition for most offenders, as well as for their families and communities. Upon reentering society, former offenders are likely to struggle with substance abuse, lack of adequate education and job skills, limited housing options, and mental health issues. This project illuminates the difficulties that adults face as they transition out of jails back to the community and presents a model of a one-stop-shop that is designed to include all the transition resources an adult may need to successfully re-integrate back to the community after incarceration, all housed at one, easily accessible location. Community providers in Pierce County need to facilitate meeting the basic needs of adults transitioning out of jail in order to reduce recidivism and increase community safety. Community re-entry goals are to increase public safety through reduced recidivism (long-term goal), to maximize opportunities for former offenders returning to the community (short-term goal) and to support family and community reintegration for persons previously incarcerated. The core objectives that can be expected as a result of participation in the Pierce County One-Stop-Shop are that ex-offenders will be able to meet their basic needs and meet release requirements for court and/or community supervision. Offender re-entry, the transition from life in jail or prison to life in the community, can have profound implications for public safety. Given the number of individuals under criminal justice supervision in the community, offender reentry continues to garner considerable attention from researchers and practitioners alike

What\u27s So Great about Nothing? The GNU General Public License and the Zero-Price-Fixing Problem

In 1991, Linus Torvalds released the first version of the Linux operating system. Like many other beneficiaries of the subsequent dot-com boom, Torvalds worked on a limited budget. Clad in a bathrobe, clattering away on a computer purchased on credit, subsisting on a diet of pretzels and dry pasta, hiding in a tiny room that was outfitted with thick black shades designed to block out Finland\u27s summer sun, Torvalds programmed Linux. Like some other beneficiaries of the subsequent dot-com boom, Torvalds created a product that is now used by millions. He owns stock options worth seven figures. Computer industry giants, such as IBM, Novell, and Sun, have invested time and energy in his work. But unlike many other beneficiaries of the subsequent dot-com boom, Torvalds gave Linux away for free. This Note argues that Section 2(b) of the GPL, which requires that sublicenses be granted at no charge, is a permissible price restraint. The justification for this is ... nothing. Or, rather: a price of nothing on future distributions can and should be distinguished from non-zero prices. Although the vast majority of price-fixing is per se illegal, restraints on price that are necessary to achieve important procompetitive goals may be evaluated under the less restrictive rule of reason, which weighs the anticompetitive consequences of a practice against the procompetitive results. Part I demonstrates that GPL-based software could not be freely shared and modified without Section 2(b)\u27s restriction on price. The import of this is that Section 2(b)\u27s restraint on price is ancillary to goals that serve competition, and thus a per se rule should not be applied. The prohibition on price-fixing arises out of two separate concerns about competition. First, antitrust law seeks to protect consumers from higher prices fixed by cartels rather than by a competitive market. Second, antitrust law relies on market competition to produce higher-quality products. The remainder of this Note demonstrates that the use of the GPL is consistent with the goals of antitrust law. Establishing that the restraint is ancillary to other considerations does not determine whether the agreement violates antitrust law; instead, the restraint\u27s effect on competition must be evaluated