Synthesis of Nano-Structured Polyaniline by Direct Emulsion Polymerization

A direct emulsion process was performed for the synthesis of an emeraldine salt of polyaniline (PANI) us-ing a novel surfactant, namely cetyl dimethyl ammonium phenyl chloride (CDAPhCl). HCl was used as do-pant and potassium persulfate (KPS)was used as an oxidizing agent. Variation of polymer yield was recorded using conventional gravimetric method and resulting polymer salt was analyzed by FTIR. Average particle size and latex morphology was studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microsco-py (SEM).Furthermore, the influence of the reaction time followed by polymer yield on the conductivity of re-sulted PANI salt was investigated. SEM images showed a nanostructured polyaniline and conductivity of the polyaninle film found to be 1.65 S cm-1. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3563

Prevalence of Soft Tissue Calcification in Panoramic Radiographs in Northern of Iran

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Soft tissue calcification is a relatively common issue in panoramic radiography. Some of these calcifications may have non-specific clinical symptoms as feeling of foreign body, dysphagia, otalgia and non-reflective cough. Therefore, for correct diagnosis and avoiding incorrect and excess treatments it’s necessary to have information about prevalence of these calcifications in regional populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcification in panoramic radiographs in a selected population in northern Iran. METHODS: In this cross sectional study, panoramic radiographs of 5000 patients referring to Oral & Maxillofacial radiology department of Babol dental school from 2014 to 2017 were examined. Radiographs were evaluated for the presence of any calcification, and their prevalence and their relationship with age were evaluated in two groups of under and over 40 years of age and gender. FINDING: The prevalence of the observed soft tissue calcifications including calcification of stylohyoid ligands was 484 cases (9.7%), tonsilolith 52 cases (1%), calcification of lymph nodes 9 cases (0.2%), calcification of carotid artery 22 cases (0.4%) and thyroid cartilage calcification was 17 cases (0.3%). No cases of rhinolith, antrolith, sialolith and phlebolitis were found. The amount of tonsilolith (34 to 18 cases) and lymph node calcification (7 versus 2 cases) were significantly higher in men. (p=0.002 and p =0.048). Also, the prevalence of calcification of stylohyoid ligament (290 versus 194 cases) (p=0.001), tonsilolith (13% vs. 39 cases) (p=0.001), calcification of carotid artery (18 versus 4) (p=0.001), and thyroid (14 versus 3) (p=0.003) were significantly relevant with age. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that soft tissue calcifications are prevalent and the most common is stylohyoid ligament calcification

The Evaluation of the Anatomical Variations of Osteomeatal Complex in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Anatomical variations of ostiomeatal complex have an imperative role in pathologies of sinonasal complex, ventilation obstruction and success of surgical treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical variations of osteomeatal complex in cone beam computed tomography images in North of Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 159 CBCT images were analyzed. Anatomical variations evaluated included Concha bullosa, Paradoxical middle turbinate, Uncinate process hypertrophy and pneumatization, hypertrophied Bulla ethmoidalis, Agger nasi cell, Maxilo-ethmoidal cell (Haller's cell) which were assessed based on the frequency, gender, unilateral/bilateral appearance and the involved side in unilateral cases (left/right). Also, two observers evaluated the data simultaneously and the result of final agreement was recorded on the checklists.The data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. FINDINGS: From among 159 subjects, 76 (47.8%) were female and 83 (52.2%) were male. The patients were 18-80 years old (mean: 34.96±14.50 years). Agger nasi cell and concha bullosa which were observed in 143 (98.9%) and 151 (95%) cases, respectively, were the most common findings and often appeared bilaterally. The least frequency belonged to hypertrophied bulla ethmoidalis which was 9 (5.7%) and uncinate process hypertrophy which was 12 (7.5%). Paradoxical middle turbinate, uncinate process pneumatization, and Haller's cell were observed in 28 (17.6%), 57 (35.8%), and 61 (38.4%) cases, respectively. No significant relationship was found between gender and the anatomical variations. (p>0.05) CONCLUSION: In the present study, Concha Bullosa and Agger Nasi Cell were the most common anatomical variations in CBCT images of paranasal sinuses, which were reported bilaterall

Assessment of the Mandibular Canal Position in the Mandibular Body using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar nerve is one of the possible complications in surgical procedures such as implant placement. Considering the anatomic variety in nerve placement, the present study aims to assess the exact position of mandibular canal in the posterior mandibular body using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: CBCT mandible images of 150 patients with mean age of 45 years were used in this cross-sectional study. The cross-sectional profiles of each patient were measured at intervals of 5 mm, starting from 1 mm before mental foramen to the anterior border of the ramus in two age groups, below 50 and above 50. In each profile, the distances from the walls of the mandibular canal to the cranial nerve (CN), inferior nerve (IN), buccal nerve (BN) and lingual nerve (LN) were measured. FINDINGS: 70 men with mean age of 48.91±13.46 years and 80 women with mean age of 41.56±14.41 years participated in this study. The mean distances (mm) on the right and the left were respectively as follows: CN: 10.67±3.83, 10.38±3.73, BN: 4.44±1.42, 4.31±1.37, LN: 2.23±1.15, 2.42±1.23, and IN: 5.75±1.86, 5.63±1.86. According to the separate analysis of the profiles, the mandibular canal in men was more inclined to lingual nerve in buccolingual dimension and was more inclined to the top of the alveolar ridge in the inferior alveolar dimension. In terms of age, the bone in the cranial nerve (CN) in patients under 50 years in all profiles was significantly more than patients above 50 years (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, age and sex may have significant effect on the position of inferior alveolar nerve and the use of 3D radiographies such as cone beam computed tomography is essentia

Assessment of visibility and extension rate of incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve in cone beam computed tomography imagings

Background and Objective: Many surgeries are performed on anterior region of mandible. Incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve is located in the anterior region of mandible. The identification of various form of nerve is important for diagnosis and treatment plan. This study was carried out to the assessment of visibility and extension rate of incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imagings. Methods: This descriptive – analytic study was performed on 105 CBCT images. The presences or absence of incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve and assessment of visibility and extension rate of mandibular incisive canal were studied. Results: In 79% extension of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve were observed. 18.07% of extensions were observed in one-side and 78.31% were bilateral. Extension of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve was observed to central, lateral and canine tooth in 59%, 26.5% and 14.5% respectively. There was no significant relation beween gender and age of subjects with extension of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. Conclusion: Regarding the high visibility of the incisive nerve branches in the lower dental CBCT images this method can be used to evaluate the anterior region of mandible

Evaluation of the Anatomical Relationship between the Mandibular Canal and Roots of Third Molars Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve during extraction of mandibular third molars is one of the serious complications after surgery. Therefore, the precise localization of IAN in relation to the third molar is one of the critical issues before extraction of this tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the position of mandibular canal in the mandible and its relation to the roots of the third molar using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a selected Iranian population. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the CBCT images of 168 patients (214 mandibular third molars) were evaluated. The position of the mandibular canal in the mandible (lingual, central, buccal) and the position of the mandibular canal with respect to the root apex (lingually, centrally and buccally), were recorded. FINDINGS: Mandibular canals were located lingually in 68.5% of cases, centrally in 27.3% of cases, and buccally in 4.2% of cases(p<0.001). Also, of 355 third molar roots evaluated, 5.4% were located lingually, 26.5% centrally, and 68.2% buccally with respect to the mandibular canal (p<0.001). Furthermore, the position of the mandibular canal in relation to the mesial and distal roots of third molars with separate roots (141 teeth) was different in 25 cases. CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study that in most cases the mandibular canal is not in line with the roots of third molars, the use of three-dimensional imaging techniques such as CBCT is essential to the investigation of the relationship between the mandibular canal and the roots of this tooth

Comparison of apical transportation and centering ability of Mtwo and Reciproc R25 in severely curved canals using cone beam computed tomography

Background: Apical transportation (AT) of the root canal moves the physiologic canal terminus to a new location on the external root surface and results in the accumulation of debris and residual microorganisms due to inadequate cleaning and shaping of the canal end. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of AT following canal preparation with Mtwo and Reciproc R25 using cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 40 mesiobuccal root canals of the maxillary molars with 19-22 mm length and (>40°) taper were prepared in two groups using Mtwo and Reciproc R25 rotary systems along with irrigation with 2.5 NaOCl. CBCT scans were obtained of the canals before and after preparation under similar conditions, and the values were measured using the device software. The amount of AT was measured according to Gambill et al. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 and Chi square and t tests. P 0.05); overall, the frequency of AT toward the mesial wall was greater than that toward the distal direction. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The mean amount of AT and the ability to keep the instruments in severely curved canals were not significantly different in canals prepared by Mtwo and Reciproc rotary systems. Thus, these systems can be used in the clinical setting with the lowest risk of AT. © 2018 Dental Research Journal. Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow