Interchange fees in various countries : developments and determinants : commentary on Weiner and Wright

Debit cards ; Credit cards

Considering Convergence: A Policy Dialogue About Behavioral Genetics, Neuroscience, and Law

Garland and Frankel issue a call for scientists, lawyers, courts and lawmakers to begin a critical dialogue about the implications of scientific discoveries and technological advances in criminal law, behavioral genetics and neuroscience

j_psi Suppression and the Quark-Gluon Plasma

All measured Feynman x_f distributions of the ratio, R, of j_psi production in nuclei relative to production on protons fall off with x_f. They show [2] that absorption of charmonium cannot be the only source of j_psi suppression and that energy loss of the constituents of the incident proton prior to the j_psi production, because of the exponential sqrt(s) dependence of the charmonium cross section, should not be neglected. Including the effects of initial state energy loss we find that the latest measured Pb-Pb j_psi cross sections do not provide any evidence for deconfinement.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, additional material, accepted by Physics Letter

Positioning adolescents in literacy teaching and learning

Secondary literacy instruction often happens to adolescents rather than with them. To disrupt this trend, we collaborated with 12th-grade “literacy mentors” to reimagine literacy teaching and learning with 10th-grade mentees in a public high school classroom. We used positioning theory as an analytic tool to (a) understand how mentors positioned themselves and how we positioned them and (b) examine the literacy practices that enabled and constrained the mentor position. We found that our positioning of mentors as collaborators was taken up in different and sometimes unexpected ways as a result of the multiple positions available to them and institutional-level factors that shaped what literacy practices were and were not negotiable. We argue that future collaborations with youth must account for the rights and duties of all members of a classroom community, including how those rights and duties intersect, merge, or come into conflict within and across practices.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by a Faculty Research Award from the School of Education at Boston University. (Faculty Research Award from the School of Education at Boston University)Accepted manuscrip

Antitrust and payment technologies

Antitrust law ; Payment systems

Anisotropy of Localized Corrosion in AA2024-T3

This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research through grant no. F49620-99-1-0103

Electrochemical Behavior of AISI 304SS with Particulate Silica Coating in 0.1 M NaCl

This paper presents electrochemical behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel with a silica layer in a stagnant bulk solution of 0.1 M NaCl. Layers composed of densely packed 350 nm diam silica particles were deposited cathodically on stainless steel at a constant voltage by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Quite smooth and crackfree silica layers less than about 80 μm in thickness were obtained and the thickness of the layer depended linearly on the deposition time. It is proposed that silica layers deposited by EPD can be used as simulated particulate layers to investigate localized corrosion of corrosion-resistant alloys under atmospheric environments. Electrochemical properties of silica-coated stainless steel samples in 0.1 M NaCl were investigated. The cathodic polarization behavior depended on the thickness of the silica layer; the limiting current density for oxygen reduction reaction decreased with increasing silica layer thickness. The effect of the silica layer on anodic polarization behavior was not remarkable.The work was performed under the Corrosion and Materials Performance Cooperative, DOE Cooperative Agreement Number: DE-FC28-04RW12252

Quantitative Study of Exfoliation Corrosion: Exfoliation of Slices in Humidity Technique

A new technique, exfoliation of slices in humidity (ESH), was developed for the determination of exfoliation corrosion (EFC) susceptibility and quantification of EFC kinetics. Two AA7178 plates taken from the wingskin of a retired KC135 airplane were used as test samples. Slices of the plate were pretreated by potentiostatic polarization in chloride solution to develop localized corrosion sites. Subsequent exposure to high humidity after pretreatment of properly oriented and unconstrained samples resulted in the development of EFC at the edges of the slices. The EFC kinetics were determined by measuring the width of the central unattacked region of the samples. The ESH results were representative of the different EFC behavior of the two plates during outdoor exposure. These results show the capability of the ESH test to discriminate between plates of varying susceptibility and to determine EFC rates quantitatively. The different susceptibility of the two plates to EFC was attributed to differences in microstructure and grain boundary chemistry.The authors acknowledge the support of the Aging Aircraft Division of ASC in support of the Aeronautical Enterprise Structures Strategy with a contract through S&K Technologies. The material was provided by W. Abbott from Battelle, who also did the atmospheric exposure testing