13 research outputs found
Modules in which every surjective endomorphism has a δ-small kernel
In this paper,we introduce the notion of δ-Hopfian modules. We give some properties of these modules and provide a characterization of semisimple rings in terms of δ-Hopfian modules by proving that a ring R is semisimple if and only if every R-module is δ-Hopfian. Also, we show that for a ring R, δ(R) = J(R) if and only if for all R-modules, the conditions δ-Hopfian and generalized Hopfian are equivalent. Moreover, we prove that δ-Hopfian property is a Morita invariant. Further, the δ-Hopficity of modules over truncated polynomial and triangular matrix rings are considered
The total torsion element graph of semimodules over commutative semirings
We introduce and investigate the total torsion element graph of semimodules over a commutative semiring with non-zero identity. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the definition and results given in [2] to more general semimodule case
A graph associated to proper non-small ideals of a commutative ring
summary:In this paper, a new kind of graph on a commutative ring is introduced and investigated. Small intersection graph of a ring , denoted by , is a graph with all non-small proper ideals of as vertices and two distinct vertices and are adjacent if and only if is not small in . In this article, some interrelation between the graph theoretic properties of this graph and some algebraic properties of rings are studied. We investigated the basic properties of the small intersection graph as diameter, girth, clique number, cut vertex, planar property and independence number. Further, it is shown that the independence number of a small graph of a ring is equal to the number of its maximal ideals and the domination number of small graph is at most 2
A co-ideal based identity-summand graph of a commutative semiring
summary:Let be a strong co-ideal of a commutative semiring with identity. Let be a graph with the set of vertices for some , where two distinct vertices and are adjacent if and only if . We look at the diameter and girth of this graph. Also we discuss when is bipartite. Moreover, studies are done on the planarity, clique, and chromatic number of this graph. Examples illustrating the results are presented