Longitudinal Changes of Mineral Concentrations in Preterm and Term Human Milk from Lactating Swiss Women.

<b></b> An adequate mineral supply to preterm infants is essential for normal growth and development. This study aimed to compare the mineral contents of human milk (HM) from healthy mothers of preterm (28-32 weeks) and full term (>37 weeks) infants. Samples were collected weekly for eight weeks for the term group (n = 34) and, biweekly up to 16 weeks for the preterm group (n = 27). Iron, zinc, selenium, copper, iodine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium were quantitatively analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. The mineral contents of both HM showed parallel compositional changes over the period of lactation, with occasional significant differences when compared at the same postpartum age. However, when the comparisons were performed at an equivalent postmenstrual age, preterm HM contained less zinc and copper from week 39 to 48 (p < 0.002) and less selenium from week 39 to 44 (p < 0.002) than term HM. This translates into ranges of differences (min-max) of 53% to 78%, 30% to 72%, and 11% to 33% lower for zinc, copper, and selenium, respectively. These data provide comprehensive information on the temporal changes of ten minerals in preterm HM and may help to increase the accuracy of the mineral fortification of milk for preterm consumption

Kinetic monitoring of trisubstituted organotins in soil after sewage sludge application

cited By 3International audienceOrganotin compounds (OTC) are widely used for their biocidal effects in various agricultural or industrial activities, leading to their environmental presence. Among the organotin species, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) are the most used and are generally considered the most toxic. So it is important to understand their behaviour in soils and obtain data about their persistence and phytoavailability. Many works deal with OTC speciation in various matrices, but few are concerned with OTC degradation in soil. The present study focuses on kinetic monitoring of TBT and TPhT in an agricultural soil. These compounds were introduced into the soil by the way of spiked sewage sludge, simulating agricultural practice and diffuse contamination. The influence of time and initial OTC concentration on the species preservation was evaluated. TBT concentration was shown to have a positive effect on TBT preservation. Corresponding half-lives were calculated. They were 6 ± 1 days and over 39 days for TPhT and TBT, respectively. Degradation compounds, mono- and dibutyltin, and mono- and diphenyltin, were produced by both direct and successive dealkyl and dearylation processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

On-line and off-line quantification of trace elements associated to colloids by As-Fl-FFF and ICP-MS

cited By 27International audienceA quantification procedure of trace elements during colloid size fractionation was developed and validated. This procedure is based on the hyphenation between Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (As-Fl-FFF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The optimisation of the procedure was performed on a soil leachate spiked with six trace elements selected for their environmental and health impact (As, Cd, Sb, Se, Sn and Pb). The elements in the spiked sample were on-line monitored during the fractionation. The validation was carried out by comparison with a second off-line quantification procedure based on fraction collection and total element analysis by ICP-MS. This off-line one was previously validated using reference materials. Finally, the analytical performances of the two procedures were compared. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Optimisation of asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation for environmental nanoparticles separation

cited By 61International audienceThe fractionation of natural nanoparticles by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation (As-Fl-FFF) was optimised by considering the following operating conditions: ionic strength, surfactant concentration and crossflow rate. The method performances such as fractionation recovery and fractionation efficiency were evaluated on a stable solution of colloidal-size natural inorganic particles. The online multi-detection by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer (UV) and multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) provided the monitoring of the sample during the separation and the evaluation of the fractionation efficiency. The lowest ionic strength and surfactant concentrations (i.e. 10-3 mol L-1 NH4NO3 and 3 × 10-4 mol L-1 SDS) allowed to obtain the highest sample recovery and lowest loss of the largest particles. The crossflow rate was investigated in order to avoid significant membrane-sample interaction. The applicability of the fractionation in optimised conditions was evaluated on a natural soil leachate, which was filtrated with different filter cut-offs. Filtration efficiency was stressed by the decrease of the large unfractionated particle influence in the void volume. For the first time, robust operating conditions were proposed to well size-fractionate and characterize soil nanoparticles within a single multi-detection analysis. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A nutritional supplement containing zinc during preconception and pregnancy increases human milk zinc concentrations

10.3389/fnut.2022.1034828Frontiers in Nutrition91034828

Mode of Neonatal Delivery Influences the Nutrient Composition of Human Milk: Results From a Multicenter European Cohort of Lactating Women

International audienceBACKGROUND: The effect of the mode of neonatal delivery (cesarean or vaginal) on the nutrient composition of human milk (HM) has rarely been studied. Given the increasing prevalence of cesarean section (C-section) globally, understanding the impact of C-section vs. vaginal delivery on the nutrient composition of HM is fundamental when HM is the preferred source of infant food during the first 4 postnatal months. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between mode of delivery and nutrient composition of HM in the first 4 months of life. DESIGN: Milk samples were obtained from 317 healthy lactating mothers as part of an exploratory analyses within a multicenter European longitudinal cohort (ATLAS cohort) to study the HM composition, and its potential association with the mode of delivery. We employed traditional mixed models to study individual nutrient associations adjusted for mother's country, infant birth weight, parity, and gestational age, and complemented it, for the first time, with a multidimensional data analyses approach (non-negative tensor factorization, NTF) to examine holistically how patterns of multiple nutrients and changes over time are associated with the delivery mode. RESULTS: Over the first 4 months, nutrient profiles in the milk of mothers who delivered vaginally (n = 237) showed significantly higher levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), arachidic acid (20:0), alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosahexenoic acid (22:6n-3), erucic acid (22:1n-9), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)%, calcium, and phosphorus, whereas the ratios of arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (ARA/DHA) and n-6/n-3, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)% were higher in milk from women who had C-sections, in the unadjusted analyses (p \textless 0.05 for all), but did not retain significance when adjusted for confounders in the mixed models. Using a complementary multidimension data analyses approach (NTF), we show few similar patterns wherein a group of mothers with a high density of C-sections showed increased values for PUFA%, n-6/n-3, and ARA/DHA ratios, but decreased values of MUFA%, 20:1n-9, iodine, and fucosyl-sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose 2 during the first 4 months of lactation. CONCLUSION: Our data provide preliminary insights on differences in concentrations of several HM nutrients (predominantly fatty acids) among women who delivered via C-section. Although these effects tend to disappear after adjustment for confounders, given the similar patterns observed using two different data analytical approaches, these preliminary findings warrant further confirmation and additional insight on the biological and clinical effects related to such differences early in life