40 research outputs found

    Developmental and Degenerative Cardiac Defects in the Taiwanese Mouse Model of Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy

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    We would like to acknowledge the Microscopy and Histology Core Facility at the University of Aberdeen, Kevin Mackenzie, Debbie Wilkinson, Gillian Milne and Lucy Wight, for the use of their facilities. G.K.M. was funded by a research award from RGA awarded to S.H.P. E.S. was funded by a University of Aberdeen Elphinstone PhD Studentship and a research award from the Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research. H.K.S. was funded by a Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research PhD Studentship. S.H.P. is funded by Tenovus (Scotland), SMA Trust and Prinses Beatrix Spierfonds. T.H.G. is funded by SMA Trust (UK SMA Research Consortium Award), Muscular Dystrophy UK, and Anatomical Society (PhD Studentship).Peer reviewedPostprin

    Hematology and Plasma Chemistry as Indicators of Health and Ecological Status In Beluga Whales, Delphinapterus Leucas

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    The capture of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, for instrumentation or tagging afforded the opportunity to collect blood, which was analyzed to evaluate the animals' health and gain information on basic physiological systems. Here, we report on hematological and plasma chemical constituents in samples obtained from 183 belugas, 55 of which were handled during attempts to apply tracking instruments. The other 128 samples were either drawn from live belugas captured for exhibit in zoological parks or research or obtained from the fresh carcasses of whales taken by Inuit hunters. The data span a 15-year period beginning in 1983 and represent various beluga stocks in the Canadian Arctic. The majority of the specimens were collected during the summer or estuarine phase of the belugas' annual cycle. Comparisons by age group, sex, stock, season, and year revealed significant differences in most of the cellular and chemical constituents examined. These results demonstrate some of the variability that might be encountered when examining a "random" selection of belugas at a particular location and time. Immature-sized whales had higher leucocyte counts, electrolyte concentrations, enzyme activity, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and some metabolites than older animals. Sex alone was associated with few hematological and plasma chemical differences. Seasonal variation in thyroid hormone activity was linked to marked environmental changes associated with the transition from cold oceanic waters to relatively warm estuaries. Two belugas recaptured 19 and 24 days after instrumentation showed changes in leucocyte counts, hematocrit, and a variety of plasma chemical constituents, some of which indicate inflammation and a likely physiological response to handling and tagging stresses.On a profitĂ© du fait qu'on capturait des bĂ©lougas, Delphinapterus leucas, en vue de les Ă©quiper d'instruments ou de les marquer, pour prĂ©lever des Ă©chantillons de sang qu'on a ensuite analysĂ©s afin d'Ă©valuer l'Ă©tat de santĂ© des individus et de collecter de l'information sur leurs grands systĂšmes physiologiques. Nous prĂ©sentons ici un rapport sur les constituants hĂ©matologiques et chimiques du plasma dans des Ă©chantillons provenant de 183 bĂ©lougas, dont 55 ont Ă©tĂ© manipulĂ©s au cours de tentatives visant Ă  les Ă©quiper d'instruments de poursuite. Les 128 autres Ă©chantillons ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus soit de bĂ©lougas vivants capturĂ©s en vue d'ĂȘtre placĂ©s dans des zoos ou pour la recherche, soit de carcasses fraĂźches de baleines prises par les chasseurs inuits. Les donnĂ©es couvrent une pĂ©riode de 15 ans, commençant en 1983, et reprĂ©sentent divers stocks de bĂ©lougas de l'ocĂ©an Arctique canadien. La plupart des spĂ©cimens ont Ă©tĂ© recueillis durant l'Ă©tĂ© ou durant la phase estuarienne du cycle annuel du bĂ©louga. Des comparaisons par groupe d'Ăąge, sexe, stock, saison et annĂ©e ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des diffĂ©rences marquĂ©es dans la plupart des constituants cellulaires et chimiques examinĂ©s. Ces rĂ©sultats font ressortir une certaine variabilitĂ© Ă  laquelle on peut s'attendre quand on Ă©tudie un Ă©chantillon "alĂ©atoire" de bĂ©lougas pris Ă  un endroit et Ă  un moment donnĂ©s. Par rapport Ă  des individus plus ĂągĂ©s, les baleines qui n'avaient pas atteint leur taille adulte avaient un compte de globules blancs plus Ă©levĂ©, de mĂȘme qu'une plus forte concentration d'Ă©lectrolytes, une plus grande activitĂ© enzymatique, et un taux plus fort d'albumine, d'hĂ©moglobine et de certains mĂ©tabolites. Le sexe seul n'Ă©tait associĂ© qu'Ă  quelques diffĂ©rences hĂ©matologiques et chimiques du plasma. Une variation saisonniĂšre de l'activitĂ© des hormones thyroĂŻdiennes Ă©tait liĂ©e Ă  des changements nets du milieu correspondant Ă  la transition des eaux froides ocĂ©aniques aux estuaires relativement chauds. Deux bĂ©lougas recapturĂ©s 19 et 24 jours aprĂšs avoir Ă©tĂ© Ă©quipĂ©s d'instruments montraient des changements dans le compte de globules blancs, dans l'hĂ©matocrite et dans divers constituants chimiques du plasma, dont certains rĂ©vĂšlent une inflammation et probablement une rĂ©action physiologique au stress dĂ» Ă  la manipulation et au marquage

    Are forested buffers an effective conservation strategy for riparian fauna? An assessment using meta-analysis

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    Historically, forested riparian buffers have been created to provide protection for aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystem functions. Increasingly, new and existing riparian buffers are being used also to meet terrestrial conservation requirements. To test the effectiveness of riparian buffers for conserving terrestrial fauna, we conducted a meta-analysis using published data from 397 comparisons of species abundance in riparian buffers and unharvested (reference) riparian sites. The response of terrestrial species to riparian buffers was not consistent between taxonomic groups; bird and arthropod abundances were significantly greater in buffers relative to unharvested areas, whereas amphibian abundance decreased. Edge-preferring species were more abundant in buffer sites than reference sites, whereas species associated with interior habitat were not significantly different in abundance. The degree of buffer effect on animal abundance was unrelated to buffer width; wider buffers did not result in greater similarity between reference and buffer sites. However, responses to buffer treatment were more variable in buffers ,50 m wide, a commonly prescribed width in many management plans. Our results indicate that current buffer prescriptions do not maintain most terrestrial organisms in buffer strips at levels comparable to undisturbed sites

    From polarization multipoles to higher-order coherences

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    We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the natural variables to deal with a number of problems in the quantum domain. In the case of polarization, the moments are measured after the light has passed through two quarter-wave plates, one half-wave plate, and a polarizing beam splitter for specific values of the angles of the wave plates. For more general two-mode problems, equivalent measurements can be performed. (C) 2022 Optical Society of Americ

    Une nouvelle imagerie ostéo-articulaire basse dose en position debout : le systÚme EOS

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    L’association et la collaboration Ă©troite de plusieurs disciplines (physique des rayonnements, biomĂ©canique, radiologie et orthopĂ©die de l’enfant) a permis la mise au point dans notre pays et le dĂ©veloppement d’un nouvel appareil d’imagerie dĂ©nommĂ© EOS dont les principales caractĂ©ristiques sont : (1) la rĂ©duction considĂ©rable des doses de rayons X (de 8 Ă  10 fois moins pour la radiologie bidimensionnelle, de 800 Ă  1000 fois moins pour la tomodensitomĂ©trie tridimensionnelle) grĂące au dĂ©tecteur gazeux inventĂ© par Georges Charpak qui lui ont valu le prix Nobel. (2) L’étude du patient en position debout obtenant des clichĂ©s simultanĂ©s de face et de profil du sommet de la tĂȘte jusqu’à la plante des pieds. (3) La possibilitĂ© de reconstruction 3D de tous les niveaux ostĂ©o-articulaires a Ă©tĂ© vĂ©rifiĂ©e aussi prĂ©cise que celle obtenue par tomodensitomĂ©trie conventionnelle. De plus, l’examen est effectuĂ© en position fonctionnelle debout ou assise, ce qui n’était pas possible avec les appareils de tomodensitomĂ©trie actuellement tous en position couchĂ©e. La reconstruction 3D peut ĂȘtre obtenue dans des dĂ©lais acceptables de 15 Ă  30 minutes pour un rachis complet. Ne faisant pas double emploi avec l’IRM, mĂȘme si celle-ci Ă©volue aussi vers la position debout, EOS permettra des Ă©tudes de la pathologie ostĂ©o-articulaire jusque-lĂ  jamais rĂ©alisĂ©es (en particulier du rachis et des membres infĂ©rieurs) avec un examen d’ensemble de l’individu au lieu des segments fragmentĂ©s donnĂ©s jusqu’à prĂ©sent par les moyens actuels, radiographies conventionnelles ou tomodensitomĂ©trie
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