Progress in Preparing a Draft 10-Year Research, Development, and Implementation Plan for Ocean Decade Tsunami Programme (2021-2030)

In December 2017, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 'United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030)' resolution. It aims to significantly advance several research and technology development areas with a view to generating six societal outcomes (Ryabinin et al., 2019) including 'A Safe Ocean'. In June 2021, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) General Assembly established the 'Ocean Decade Tsunami Programme' (ODTP). The IOC also established the Scientific Committee (SC) as an advisory. The Working Group on Tsunamis and Other Hazards related to Sea Level Warning and Mitigation Systems (TOWS-WG) will act as the global steering committee of the ODTP. The implementation or coordination of roles for the regional aspects of the programme will be performed by four Intergovernmental Coordination Groups (ICGs). The SC has an advisory role to TOWS-WG for the duration of the ODTP. Members (two-year terms, renewable) of the SC are nominated by the TOWS-WG and each of the TOWS-WG Task Teams. It currently consists of 11 members (including the Chairperson S. K. TUMMALA) from 10 countries. The initial task of SC is to develop the Draft 10-Year Research, Development, and Implementation Plan for ODTP (Draft 10-Year Plan) for endorsement by the TOWS-WG. The committee has been preparing for the draft implementation plan by holding meetings in February and June 2022. It has extracted key issues on each area as follows: tsunami risk knowledge; monitoring, detection, and analysis and forecasting of tsunamis; warning dissemination and communication, preparedness, and response capabilities. The Draft 10-Year Plan will be promoting to advancing the monitoring, detection, analysis, and prediction of tsunamis, including those generated by non-seismic sources. The plan will include focus areas related to tsunami warning capabilities, such as the ITU/WMO/UNESCO-IOC Joint Task Force SMART Subsea Cables effort and collaboration with the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 project. The Draft 10-Year Plan will improve the societal outcome (A Safe Ocean) of the Ocean Decade with the aim of making 100% of the communities at risk of tsunami prepared for and resilient to tsunamis by 2030 through the implementation of the UNESCO/IOC Tsunami Ready Programme and other initiatives. Once the first draft is compiled, it will be made available to the member states of the IOC, scientific communities, and other stakeholders for comments. A final draft will be compiled by the committee on the basis of the collected opinions. Thereafter, the approval procedure will commence in IOC.En diciembre de 2017, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas adoptó la resolución 'Decenio de las Naciones Unidas de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible (2021-2030)'. Su objetivo es avanzar significativamente en varias áreas de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico con miras a generar seis resultados sociales (Ryabinin et al., 2019), incluido "Un océano seguro". En junio de 2021, la Asamblea General de la Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernamental (COI) estableció el 'Programa de Tsunamis del Decenio de los Océanos' (ODTP). El COI también creó el Comité Científico (SC) con carácter consultivo. El Grupo de Trabajo sobre Tsunamis y otros peligros relacionados con los sistemas de mitigación y alerta del nivel del mar (TOWS-WG) actuará como comité directivo global del ODTP. La implementación o coordinación de roles para los aspectos regionales del programa será realizada por cuatro Grupos de Coordinación Intergubernamental (GCI). El SC tiene una función de asesoramiento al TOWS-WG durante la duración del ODTP. Los miembros (períodos de dos años, renovables) del SC son nominados por el TOWS-WG y cada uno de los equipos de trabajo del TOWS-WG. Actualmente está formado por 11 miembros (incluido el presidente S. K. TUMMALA) de 10 países. La tarea inicial del SC es desarrollar el Borrador del Plan Decenal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Implementación para ODTP (Borrador del Plan Decenal) para su aprobación por el TOWS-WG. El comité ha estado preparando el borrador del plan de implementación mediante la celebración de reuniones en febrero y junio de 2022. Ha extraído cuestiones clave en cada área de la siguiente manera: conocimiento del riesgo de tsunami; vigilancia, detección, análisis y previsión de tsunamis; difusión de alertas y capacidades de comunicación, preparación y respuesta. El Borrador del Plan Decenal promoverá el avance en el monitoreo, detección, análisis y predicción de tsunamis, incluidos los generados por fuentes no sísmicas. El plan incluirá áreas de enfoque relacionadas con las capacidades de alerta de tsunamis, como el esfuerzo de SMART Subsea Cables del Grupo de Trabajo Conjunto UIT/OMM/UNESCO-COI y la colaboración con el proyecto Seabed 2030 de Nippon Foundation-GEBCO. El Borrador del Plan Decenal mejorará el resultado social (Un Océano Seguro) de la Década de los Océanos con el objetivo de hacer que el 100% de las comunidades en riesgo de tsunami estén preparadas y resilientes ante los tsunamis para 2030 a través de la implementación del Plan UNESCO/COI. Programa Tsunami Ready y otras iniciativas. Una vez que se compila el primer borrador, se pondrá a disposición de los estados miembros del COI, las comunidades científicas y otras partes interesadas para comentarios. El comité elaborará un borrador final basándose en las opiniones recogidas. Posteriormente, el procedimiento de aprobación comenzará en el COI.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaDepartamento de Físic

Transitioning from “It Looks Like” to “It Has To Be” in Geometrical Workspaces: affect and near-to-me attention

Within a practitioner researcher framework, this paper draws on a particular mathematics education theory and aspects of neuroscience to show that, from a learner’s perspective, moving to a deductive reasoning style appropriate to basic Euclidean geometry, can be facilitated, or impeded, by emotion and/or directed attention. This shows that the issue of a person’s deductive reasoning is not a merely cognitive one, but can involve affective aspects related to perception – particularly perception of nearby sense data – and emotion. The mathematics education theory that has been used is that of the Espace de Travail Mathématique, the English translation of which is known as Mathematical Working Spaces (MWS). The aspects of neuroscience that have been used pertain to the distinct processing streams known as top-down and bottom-up attention. The practitioner research perspective is aligned with Mason’s teaching-practice-based ‘noticing’; qualitative data analysed in this report include individual interviews with school teachers on in-service courses and reflective notes from teaching. Basic Euclidean geometry is used as the medium for investigating transition from ‘it looks like’ to a reasoned ‘it has to be’

Nicoya Earthquake Rupture anticipated by Geodetic Measurement of the Locked Plate Interface

The Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica is one of the few places on Earth where the seismically active plate interface of a subduction zone is directly overlaid by land rather than ocean. At this plate interface, large megathrust earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 7 occur approximately every 50 years. Such quakes occurred in 1853, 1900 and 1950, so another large earthquake had been anticipated1,2. Land-based Global Positioning System3,4 (GPS) and seismic5,6,7 measurements revealed a region where the plate interface was locked and hence accumulated seismic strain that could be released in future earthquakes. On 5 September 2012, the long-anticipated Nicoya earthquake occurred in the heart of the previously identified locked patch. Here we report observations of coseismic deformation from GPS and geomorphic data along the Nicoya Peninsula and show that the magnitude 7.6 Nicoya earthquake ruptured the lateral and down-dip extent of the previously locked region of the plate interface. We also identify a previously locked part of the plate interface, located immediately offshore, that may not have slipped during the 2012 earthquake, where monitoring should continue. By pairing observations of the spatial extent of interseismic locking and subsequent coseismic rupture, we demonstrate the use of detailed near-field geodetic investigations during the late interseismic period for identifying future earthquake potential