1,860 research outputs found
Broadening of Andreev-Bound States in d_{x^2-y^2} superconductors
We investigate the broadening of the bound states at an interface of an
unconventional superconductor by bulk impurity scattering. We use the
quasiclassical theory and include impurity scattering in the Born and in the
unitarity limit. The broadening of bound states due to unitary scatterers is
shown to be substantially weaker than in the Born limit. We study various model
geometries and calculate the temperature dependence of the Josephson critical
current in the presence of these impurity-broadened bound states.Comment: 6 page including 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
When Police Use Excessive Force: Choosing a Constitutional Threshold of Liability in Justice v. Dennis
When Police Use Excessive Force: Choosing a Constitutional Threshold of Liability in Justice v. Dennis
2015 Update on Acute Adverse Reactions to Gadolinium based Contrast Agents in Cardiovascular MR. Large Multi-National and Multi-Ethnical Population Experience With 37788 Patients From the EuroCMR Registry
Objectives: Specifically we aim to demonstrate that the results of our earlier safety data hold true in this much larger multi-national and multi-ethnical population. Background: We sought to re-evaluate the frequency, manifestations, and severity of acute adverse reactions associated with administration of several gadolinium- based contrast agents during routine CMR on a European level. Methods: Multi-centre, multi-national, and multi-ethnical registry with consecutive enrolment of patients in 57 European centres. Results: During the current observation 37788 doses of Gadolinium based contrast agent were administered to 37788 patients. The mean dose was 24.7Â ml (range 5â80Â ml), which is equivalent to 0.123Â mmol/kg (range 0.01 - 0.3Â mmol/kg). Forty-five acute adverse reactions due to contrast administration occurred (0.12Â %). Most reactions were classified as mild (43 of 45) according to the American College of Radiology definition. The most frequent complaints following contrast administration were rashes and hives (15 of 45), followed by nausea (10 of 45) and flushes (10 of 45). The event rate ranged from 0.05Â % (linear non-ionic agent gadodiamide) to 0.42Â % (linear ionic agent gadobenate dimeglumine). Interestingly, we also found different event rates between the three main indications for CMR ranging from 0.05Â % (risk stratification in suspected CAD) to 0.22Â % (viability in known CAD). Conclusions: The current data indicate that the results of the earlier safety data hold true in this much larger multi-national and multi-ethnical population. Thus, the âoff-labelâ use of Gadolinium based contrast in cardiovascular MR should be regarded as safe concerning the frequency, manifestation and severity of acute events
Spin-transfer torque in magnetic multilayer nanopillars
We consider a quasi one-dimensional configuration consisting of two small
pieces of ferromagnetic material separated by a metallic one and contacted by
two metallic leads. A spin-polarized current is injected from one lead. Our
goal is to investigate the correlation induced between the magnetizations of
the two ferromagnets by spin-transfer torque. This torque results from the
interaction between the magnetizations and the spin polarization of the
current. We discuss the dynamics of a single ferromagnet, the extension to the
case of two ferromagnets, and give some estimates for the parameters based on
experiments.Comment: To appear in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Proceedings
of the International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology, Basel, 2006
Electron-phonon coupling in crystalline organic semiconductors: Microscopic evidence for nonpolaronic charge carriers
We consider electron(hole)-phonon coupling in crystalline organic
semiconductors, using naphthalene for our case study. Employing a
first-principles approach, we compute the changes in the self-consistent
Kohn-Sham potential corresponding to different phonon modes and go on to obtain
the carrier-phonon coupling matrix elements (vertex functions). We then
evaluate perturbatively the quasiparticle spectral residues for electrons at
the bottom of the lowest-unoccupied- (LUMO) and holes at the top of the
highest-occupied (HOMO) band, respectively obtaining and
. Along with the widely accepted notion that the
carrier-phonon coupling strengths in polyacenes decrease with increasing
molecular size, our results provide a strong microscopic evidence for the
previously conjectured nonpolaronic nature of band-like carriers in these
systems.Comment: final, published versio
Collective nostalgia: a group-level emotion that confers unique benefits on the group
This research established collective nostalgia as a group-level emotion and ascertained the benefits it confers on the group. In Study 1, participants who reflected on a nostalgic event they had experienced together with ingroup members (collective nostalgia) evaluated the ingroup more positively and reported stronger intentions to approach (and not avoid) ingroup members than those who recalled a nostalgic event they had experienced individually (personal nostalgia), those who reflected on a lucky event they had experienced together with ingroup members (collective positive), and those who did not recall an event (no recall). In Study 2, collective (vs. personal) nostalgia strengthened behavioral intentions to support the ingroup more so than did recalling an ordinary collective (vs. personal) event. Increased collective self-esteem mediated this effect. In Study 3, collective nostalgia (compared with recall of an ordinary collective event) led participants to sacrifice money in order to punish a transgression perpetrated against an ingroup member. This effect of collective nostalgia was more pronounced when social identification was high (compared with low). Finally, in Study 4, collective nostalgia converged toward the group average (i.e., was socially shared) when participants thought of themselves in terms of their group membership. The findings underscore the viability of studying nostalgia at multiple levels of analysis and highlight the significance of collective nostalgia for understanding group-level attitudes, global action tendencies, specific behavioral intentions, and behavior
Spectral Features of the Proximity Effect
We calculate the local density of states (LDOS) of a superconductor-normal
metal sandwich at arbitrary impurity concentration. The presence of the
superconductor induces a gap in the normal metal spectrum that is proportional
to the inverse of the elastic mean free path for rather clean systems. For
a mean free path much shorter than the thickness of the normal metal, we find a
gap size proportional to that approaches the behavior predicted by the
Usadel equation (diffusive limit).Comment: LT22 proceeding
Equivalence between an optomechanical system and a Kerr medium
We study the optical bistability of an optomechanical system in which the
position of a mechanical oscillator modulates the cavity frequency. The
steady-state mean-field equation of the optical mode is identical to the one
for a Kerr medium, and thus we expect it to have the same characteristic
behavior with a lower, a middle, and an upper branch. However, the presence of
position fluctuations of the mechanical resonator leads to a new feature: the
upper branch will become unstable at sufficiently strong driving in certain
parameter regimes. We identify the appropriate parameter regime for the upper
branch to be stable, and we confirm, by numerical investigation of the quantum
steady state, that the mechanical mode indeed acts as a Kerr nonlinearity for
the optical mode in the low-temperature limit. This equivalence of the
optomechanical system and the Kerr medium will be important for future
applications of cavity optomechanics in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum
information science
Quantum synchronization of two Van der Pol oscillators
© 2014 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Synchronization of two dissipatively coupled Van der Pol oscillators in the quantum regime is studied. Due to quantum noise strict frequency locking is absent and is replaced by a crossover from weak to strong frequency entrainment. The differences to the behavior of one quantum Van der Pol oscillator subject to an external drive are discussed. Moreover, a possible experimental realization of two coupled quantum Van der Pol oscillators in an optomechanical setting is described
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