A uniqueness result for the decomposition of vector fields in Rd

Given a vector field \u3c1(1,b) 08Lloc1(R+ 7Rd,Rd+1) such that divt,x(\u3c1(1,b)) is a measure, we consider the problem of uniqueness of the representation \u3b7 of \u3c1(1 , b) Ld+1 as a superposition of characteristics \u3b3:(t\u3b3-,t\u3b3+)\u2192Rd, \u3b3\u2d9 (t) = b(t, \u3b3(t)). We give conditions in terms of a local structure of the representation \u3b7 on suitable sets in order to prove that there is a partition of Rd+1 into disjoint trajectories \u2118a, a 08 A, such that the PDE divt,x(u\u3c1(1,b)) 08M(Rd+1),u 08L 1e(R+ 7Rd),can be disintegrated into a family of ODEs along \u2118a with measure r.h.s. The decomposition \u2118a is essentially unique. We finally show that b 08Lt1(BVx)loc satisfies this local structural assumption and this yields, in particular, the renormalization property for nearly incompressible BV vector fields

FORWARD UNTANGLING AND APPLICATIONS TO THE UNIQUENESS PROBLEM FOR THE CONTINUITY EQUATION

We introduce the notion of forward untangled Lagrangian representation of a measure-divergence vector-measure rho(1, b), where rho is an element of M+(Rd+1) and b : Rd+1 -> R-d is a rho-integrable vector field with div(t,x)(rho(1, b)) = mu is an element of M(R x R-d): forward untangling formalizes the notion of forward uniqueness in the language of Lagrangian representations. We identify local conditions for a Lagrangian representation to be forward untangled, and we show how to derive global forward untangling from such local assumptions. We then show how to reduce the PDE div(t,x)(rho(1, b)) = mu on a partition of R+ x R-d obtained concatenating the curves seen by the Lagrangian representation. As an application, we recover known well posedeness results for the flow of monotone vector fields and for the associated continuity equation

The reliability and validity of a Japanese version of symptom checklist 90 revised

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To examine the validity and reliability of a Japanese version of the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R (J)).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The English SCL-90-R was translated to Japanese and the Japanese version confirmed by back-translation. To determine the factor validity and internal consistency of the nine primary subscales, 460 people from the community completed SCL-90-R(J). Test-retest reliability was examined for 104 outpatients and 124 healthy undergraduate students. The convergent-discriminant validity was determined for 80 inpatients who replied to both SCL-90-R(J) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The correlation coefficients between the nine primary subscales and items were .26 to .78. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were from .76 (Phobic Anxiety) to .86 (Interpersonal Sensitivity). Pearson's correlation coefficients between test-retest scores were from .81 (Psychoticism) to .90 (Somatization) for the outpatients and were from .64 (Phobic Anxiety) to .78 (Paranoid Ideation) for the students. Each of the nine primary subscales correlated well with their corresponding constructs in the MMPI.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We confirmed the validity and reliability of SCL-90-R(J) for the measurement of individual distress. The nine primary subscales were consistent with the items of the original English version.</p

Cognitive Changes and Quality of Life in Neurocysticercosis: A Longitudinal Study

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the most common parasitic infections of the central nervous system. Cognitive changes have been frequently reported with this disease but have not been well studied. Our study team recruited a group of new onset NCC cases and a matched set of healthy neighborhood controls and new onset epilepsy controls in Lima, Peru for this study. A neuropsychological battery was administered at baseline and at 6 months to all groups. Brain MRI studies were also obtained on NCC cases at baseline and at 6 months. Newly diagnosed patients with NCC had mild cognitive deficits and more marked decreases in quality of life at baseline compared with controls. Improvements were found in both cognitive status and quality of life in patients with NCC after treatment. This study is the first to assess cognitive status and quality of life longitudinally in patients with NCC and provides new data on an important clinical morbidity outcome

Adult outpatients with depression: worse quality of life than in other chronic medical diseases in Argentina

Current research into the impact of major depressive illness on society goes beyond estimating its prevalence, complications or comorbidity patterns, to include research that seeks to establish how this disorder affects individuals' daily functioning and well-being. However, it is unclear whether depression affects such broadly defined quality of life (QOL) outcomes to a similar or an even greater extent than chronic physical illness. The present study assessed QOL in a sample of 48 ambulatory depressed patients who sought psychiatric assistance at a centre in La Plata, Argentina, during a 15-month period. All of them met DSM-IV criteria for current major depression, as diagnosed by clinicians. For the purposes of comparison, we also evaluated the QOL of additional samples of persons who were healthy or who had chronic physical illness. QOL was assessed with the WHOQOL-100, a generic and transcultural instrument developed simultaneously in 15 centres, by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results indicated that QOL was significantly poorer in depressed persons than in either healthy persons or individuals with other frequent chronic pathologies in Argentina. The impact of depression was also found to be related to the seriousness of the episode. We suggest that it is important to include QOL assessments of patients with depressive disorders when evaluating the course and progress of their treatment. Such assessments can be used in health care decision making and resource allocation.QOL WHOQOL-100 Depression Argentina