Certificate Based Scheme and Expedite Message Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

VANET security is major issue for researcher. Thus Ad-Hoc Networks embrace the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security purpose. EMAP was presented to overcome the problem of the long delay incurred in checking the revocation status of a certificate using a CRL. From the experimental analysis it was observed that it is resistant to common attacks while performing the authentication techniques. Therefore, EMAP can significantly decrease the message-loss ratio due to message verification delay as compared to the conventional authentication methods employing CRL checking. Thus to further address these issues along with EMAP protocol, new EMAP method is presented called as CEMAP (certificate based EMAP) which is intended to overcome the authentication delay in message processing by reducing the complexity in Authentication process. CEMAP authentication protocol is constructed based on the combination of the new signature scheme and EMAP. The proposed algorithm reduces the delay by 10% than EMAP. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15023

EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA SYNTHESIZED VIA SOL-GEL METHOD

Objective: The objective of the following study was a synthesis of nanocrystalline tetragonal zirconia (ZrO2) using simple sol–gel method and evaluation of its structural and biological properties.Methods: The sample was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and evaluated for cell growth study using 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and for degradation using Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) solution. The synthesized materials were also evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacterial strains.Results: The XRD pattern shows that the tetragonal phase of nanocrystalline zirconia was obtained at relatively low temperature i.e. 300 °C. The FESEM images showed that the prepared sample consists of particles in the range of 35-69 nm and homogenous particle size distribution. The TEM images confirmed the results shown by FESEM images. The sample of zirconia has excellent tissue biocompatibility, higher cell growth and does not show the toxicity towards normal 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The result of qualitative antibacterial tests revealed that the nanocrystalline zirconia had an important inhibitory activity on E. coli and S. aureus. The sample shows stability at the physiological condition and does not show degradation.Conclusion: Nanocrystalline tetragonal zirconia shows higher cell growth and efficient antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial pathogen and also it is stable at the physiological condition. Hence, it can be used for various biomedical applications.Keywords: Nanocrystalline zirconia, Sol-gel route, Antimicrobial action, Biomedical applicatio

Growth inhibition in Rhizoetonia bataticola and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacerum by herbal oils

Oils extracted from six medicinal plants viz., mentha (Mentha arvensis), ocimum (Ocimum sanctum), lemongrass (Cympobogan flexuosus), citronella (Cympobogan winternus), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and palmarosa (Cympobogan martinii) were tested under in vitro condition for their antifungal and antibacterial properties. Mentha, ocilnum, palmarosa and lemongrass oil exhibited 100% inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola at 1 and 2% concentrations, whereas citronella oil recorded 100% inhibition at 2% concentration. Turmeric oil was found to be less effective against Rhizoctonia. Mentha oil showed the highest (17 mm) inhibition zone against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacerum followed by ocimum oil (12 mm). The studies showed that mentha oil possessed very high inhibitory effects on fungi and bacteria. &nbsp

Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet of Repaglinide

The aim of present investigation was formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablet of Repaglinide to study the effect of different polymers on release profile of drug for prolonged release. In this study mucoadhesive buccal tablet were prepared by direct compression method. Various rheological characteristics of the powder bed like bulk density, compressibility index, and angle of repose were evaluated and studied. Mucoadhesive buccal tablets were compressed on a 8 station mini press using 10 mm flat faced punches and were all assessed for weight variation, hardness, thickness, percent swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and in vitro release of the drug by using USP TDT 08L dissolution testing apparatus method II using a paddle at 50 rpm. Data was optimized by using 32 full factorial design by using software named as design expert and with the help of kinetic study. The stability studies showed that there is no decrease in the drug content of all formulations for the period of 2 months. Keywords: Buccal tablet, Repaglinide, HPMC K100M, Xanthan gum

Seedling vigour study in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) hybrids and varieties

An investigation was conducted to study the germination and early seedling vigour of pigeonpea hybrids and varieties during kharif 2011 at Parbhani, Maharashtra, India. Three hybrids and three varieties of pigeonpea were sown in pots under greenhouse condition. Data was obtained on germination percentage (%), radicle length (cm), plumule length (cm), leaf area (dm2), chlorophyll content, seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weight (g), seedling vigour index (I), plumule: radicle length(cm) after 20 days of sowing while 100 seed weight (g) was taken before sowing. All the genotypes recorded significant differences for all the characteristics studied. Hybrids showed its superiority over varieties for germination percentage (5.7%), radicle length (40%), leaf area (72.2%), chlorophyll content (15.8%), seedling fresh weight (12%), seedling dry weight (14.7%), seedling vigour index (7.7%), and 100 seed weight (13.2%).Hybrids produced longer radicle length and high seedling vigour index (I). Hybrids recorded higher seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight than the varieties

Study on seedling vigour in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] hybrids and varieties under regular and limited irrigation conditions

The experiment was conducted under glass house with three medium duration pigeonpea hybrids and varieties at Parbhani, Maharashtra during kharif 2012 to understand the process of seedling development under regular and limited irrigation conditions. Research revealed that as compared to varieties the hybrids produced longer radicle (17.92 ± 0.53 cm), greater leaf area (166.43 ± 3.14 dm2), more chlorophyll content (35.49 ± 0.53), high seedling dry weight (4.23 ± 0.11 g), root (1.87 ± 0.05 g)dry weight and greater seedling vigour index (4590.59 ± 180.4) underboth regular irrigation and limited irrigation conditions. This indicated that hybrids have potential to survive under drought conditions and produce more dry matter that can be associated with seed yield. The hybrids ICPH 2740, ICPH 3762 and variety Asha were found superior due to high seedling vigour index across the environments

Chemical Protection Studies of Activated Carbon Spheres based Permeable Protective Clothing Against Sulfur Mustard, a Chemical Warfare Agent

Technological advancements in the field of chemical threat have made it possible to create extremely dangerous chemical warfare agents (CWA). Hence, the effective protection of personnel is very important in a chemical warfare scenario amidst the current climate of terrorism awareness. In particular, body protection plays a substantial role in the chemical defence considering the urgency of situation in the nuclear, biological and chemical environment. Activated carbon spheres (ACS) based permeable chemical protective clothing (coverall) was developed for protection against CWA. The adsorbent material i.e, ACS used in this protective clothing provided higher adsorption capacity (1029 mg/g in terms of iodine) and low thermal burden (34 °C WBGT index) compared to earlier indigenously developed NBC suit. This article focuses on the extensive evaluation of chemical protective clothing against sulfur mustard (HD), a CWA. The results revealed that the developed protective clothing provided more than 24 h protection against HD. This chemical protective suit is light weight (< 2.75 kg for XL size). It also has higher air permeability (> 30 cm3/s/cm2) as well as less water vapour resistance (< 9.6 m2Pa/W). With continued innovations in materials and attention to key challenges it is expected that advanced, multifunction chemical protective suit will play a pivotal role in the CWA protection scenario

GmFT2a, a Soybean Homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, Is Involved in Flowering Transition and Maintenance

BACKGROUND: Flowering reversion can be induced in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), a typical short-day (SD) dicot, by switching from SD to long-day (LD) photoperiods. This process may involve florigen, putatively encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about the potential function of soybean FT homologs in flowering reversion. METHODS: A photoperiod-responsive FT homologue GmFT (renamed as GmFT2a hereafter) was cloned from the photoperiod-sensitive cultivar Zigongdongdou. GmFT2a gene expression under different photoperiods was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. In situ hybridization showed direct evidence for its expression during flowering-related processes. GmFT2a was shown to promote flowering using transgenic studies in Arabidopsis and soybean. The effects of photoperiod and temperature on GmFT2a expression were also analyzed in two cultivars with different photoperiod-sensitivities. RESULTS: GmFT2a expression is regulated by photoperiod. Analyses of GmFT2a transcripts revealed a strong correlation between GmFT2a expression and flowering maintenance. GmFT2a transcripts were observed continuously within the vascular tissue up to the shoot apex during flowering. By contrast, transcripts decreased to undetectable levels during flowering reversion. In grafting experiments, the early-flowering, photoperiod-insensitive stock Heihe27 promotes the appearance of GmFT2a transcripts in the shoot apex of scion Zigongdongdou under noninductive LD conditions. The photothermal effects of GmFT2a expression diversity in cultivars with different photoperiod-sensitivities and a hypothesis is proposed. CONCLUSION: GmFT2a expression is associated with flowering induction and maintenance. Therefore, GmFT2a is a potential target gene for soybean breeding, with the aim of increasing geographic adaptation of this crop