The effect of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings

Bu çalışma, 20-23 Mayıs 1997 tarihlerinde Adana'da düzenlenen 1. International Symposium on Cucurbits'de bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.Melon seeds (cvs. Hasanbey and Kirkagac) primed with 1.0% NaCl were sown in peat medium and irrigated with various NaCl concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) for 4 weeks to examine their response to salinity. Physical analyses such as total emergence and dry weight were carried out. For each melon cultivar, tolerance ratio and tolerance index were determined on the basis of dry weight. Moreover, physiological changes such as total sugar and proline were also determined to clearly show the response of melon seedlings during salinity stress. It was concluded that priming of melon seeds with NaCl resulted in increased salt tolerance in seedlings of both melon cultivars. Consequently, cv. Kirkagac was more tolerant to salinity than cv. Hasanbey.Int Soc Horticultural Sci, Sect Vegetables, Working Grp Cucurbitacea

Germination of artificial seeds obtained from somatic embryos of 41 b m.g. (v. vinifera l. cvs. chassellas x v. Berlandieri) american rootstock

High frequency somatic embryogenesis was induced from immature zygotic embryo explants of 41 B M.G. (V. vinifera L. cvs. Chassellas x V. berlandieri) American root-stock on B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D. The somatic embryos were encapsulated in calcium alginate gel using various concentrations of sodium alginate (3 and 4%) and calcium chloride (75, 100 and 125 mM) in order to determine the effect of rigidity of bead on the conversion frequency of somatic embryos. The optimal combination for encapsulation was found to be the mixture of 3% sodium alginate and 125 mM calcium chloride. The encapsulated somatic embryos were transferred to the hormone free medium for germination and germination rates between 54 and 74% were obtained. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Minimally Processed Mushrooms

Mushrooms are important in human nutrition with high protein, minerals, vitamins, low fat content, and low energy levels. They provide an alternative source of protein to people who cannot consume animal foods for different reasons. They are also considered to be a good dietary product with low fat content and energy levels. Mushrooms are consumed for medical purposes as well as for their use as food. There are many mushroom species used in the world for all these purposes. Some of these mushroom species can be cultured, some cannot, and non-cultivable species can only be used by collecting from nature. This chapter provides information on the nutritional value, medical significance, consumption, and extending shelf life of some mushroom species: Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst, Morels (Morchella), some edible species of Tricholoma, Boletus edulis Bull: Fr, and Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media LLC

Production of artificial seeds from somatic embryos obtained from immature zygotic embryos of vines

In this study, immature zygotic embryo expiants of 41 B American rootstock (V. vinifera L. cvs. 'Chasselas' x V. berlandieri) were cultured on B5 medium (Gamborg et al. 1968) supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg l-1 2,4-D (2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) in light and dark conditions. The highest somatic embryo formation was obtained from dark condition in the media containing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1 2,4-D with the rates of 27.5, 22.0 and 20.0 %, respectively. The highest number of torpedo shaped somatic embryos was also obtained from dark condition with B5 medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D (565 embryos per explant). These torpedo shaped somatic embryos were used to produce artificial seeds. The somatic embryos were encapsulated in calcium alginate gel using various concentrations of sodium alginate (3 and 4 %) and calcium chloride (75, 100 and 125 mM) in order to determine the effect of rigidity of bead on conversion frequency of somatic embryos. The mixture of 3 % sodium alginate and 125 mM calcium chloride was found to be the optimal combination for encapsulation. The encapsulated somatic embryos were transferred to the hormone free MS medium (MURASHIGE and SKOOG 1962) for germination and the germination rates were between 54 and 74 %. © Verlag Eugen Ulmer KG

Yield performances and changes in enzyme activities of Pleurotus spp. (P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju) cultivated on different agricultural wastes

PubMedID: 20056410Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju were studied for their ability to produce laccase and carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) enzymes on different agricultural wastes under solid state fermentation. The spawns of P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju were inoculated on different agricultural wastes including viticulture wastes, wheat straw, paddy straw, sesame straw, sawdust as well as the mixtures of these wastes with wheat bran. The carbon and nitrogen contents of substrates containing bran were the highest. The laccase activities of P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju reached the highest values on the day 10 of mycelial growth. This enzyme activity was higher on the substrates containing bran which had high nitrogen and low C/N ratio than the other tested substrates with no bran. The CMCase activities of P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus had two peaks on the 5th day of mycelial growth and after first flash. P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju grown on substrates containing wheat bran had higher biological efficiencies and total yields as well as higher CMCase and laccase activities. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A novel method for separation of somatic embryos from embryogenic suspension cultures by cold treatment

This study reports a novel method for embryo separation by cold treatment of heterogeneous suspension cultures which contain embryogenic single cells, cell clusters and embryos at various stages of development. The method was applied to embryo suspension cultures of pepper (Capsicum annuum) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). In both plants, single cells lost their viability dramatically over a few days while the viability of embryos remained above 95% for 25-30 days when kept at 5°C. The effect of duration of cold treatment on embryo germination was also tested. The optimal duration of cold treatment was found to be 10 days for sugarcane and 21 days for pepper. After the cold treatment, the germination percentages were 90% and 96% for sugarcane and pepper, respectively

Evaluation of genetic diversity in Turkish melons (Cucumis melo L.) based on phenotypic characters and RAPD markers

The genetic relationships among 56 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes collected from various parts of Turkey were determined by comparing their phenotypic and molecular traits with those of 23 local and foreign melon genotypes to investigate the taxonomic relationships and genetic variation of Turkish melon germplasm. Sixty-one phenotypic characters and 109 polymorphic RAPD markers obtained from 33 primers were used to define the genetic similarity among the melon genotypes by dendrograms or two and three dimensional scaling. There were high correlations (r ? 0.97) among the four resulting matrices used in molecular characterization. The correlations between phenotypic (Euclidean) and molecular Euclidean, Jaccard, Simple matching, and Nei analyses were r = 0.41, r = -0.40, r = -0.43 and r = -0.40, respectively. Related genotypes or genotypes collected from similar regions were partitioned to similar clusters. Both analyses (phenotypic and molecular) indicated that non-sweet melon types were dissimilar from sweet types and diversity of Turkish melon genotypes was higher than that of sweet foreign cultivars examined, but similar to that of the reference accessions employed. It was also observed that sweet Turkish melon genotypes belonging to groups inodorus and group cantalupensis were highly variable and could have intermated or have crossed with other non-sweet types. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.TUBITAK/TOGTAG-3055 2003-YYU-ZF-009Acknowledgments The authors express gratitude to Dr. Maria L. Gomez-Guillamon, Dr. Rafael Perl-Treves, Dr. Michel Pitrat, Dr. Nebahat Sari and Dr. Jack E. Staub for providing seed samples and advice; and to Dr. Bunyamin Sogut and Dr. Murat Sipahioglu for providing lab facilities. This research was supported in part by grants from the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Ankara (Project No. TUBITAK/TOGTAG-3055), the Scientific Projects Council of Yuzuncu Yıl University in Van, Turkey (Project No. 2003-YYU-ZF-009) and the Scientific Projects Council of Cukurova University in Adana, Turkey (Project No. KAP-2002-ZF-49), supporting the Ph.D. thesis of Suat Sensoy

Genetic relationship of grape cultivars by ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) markers

The ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) data were used to assess genetic relationship among 16 table grape varieties (Vitis ssp.) grown in Turkey. Fourteen primers selected from 50 primers generated a total of 110 clear DNA fragments in which 88 were polymorphic (80.5 %). The mean similarity index of all pair-wises was 0.637, and ranged from 0.422 ('Isabella' and 'Königin der Weingärten') to 0.902 ('Alphonse Lavallée' and 'A. L. Type Royal'). Consequently, considering morphological and cultural characteristics including the high similarity value, 'Alphonse Lavallée' and 'A. L. Type Royal' could be theoretically identical. Grape cultivars analysed were divided on the clustering dendrogram (by UPGMA) according to genetic composition of related species. Our data deduced that distant genetic similarity was found between groups of different cultivars of species. 'Isabella' (V. labrusca) and 'Kyoho' (V. vinifera x V. labrusca, 4x) had a far similarity to V. vinifera grapes. © Verlag Eugen Ulmer KG

Heat transfer in a pipe under conditions of transient turbulent flow

This paper is concerned with the response of fluid temperature within a heated pipe to imposed excursions of flow rate. Experiments are reported in which measurements of wall temperature and local fluid temperature were made with fully developed turbulent flow of water in a uniformly heated tube during and after ramp-up excursions of flow rate between steady initial and final values. The fluid temperature measurements were made using a traversable temperature probe incorporating a thermocouple capable of responding to turbulent fluctuations of temperature. Local values of mean temperature and RMS temperature fluctuation were obtained by ensemble averaging the results from many tests in which the same flow excursion was applied in a very repeatable manner with fixed values of inlet fluid temperature and heat flux. Further measurements were made under conditions of steady flow rate at a number of values over the range covered in the transient flow experiments. The results obtained in the experiments with transient flow show that there is a significant delay in the variation of ensemble-averaged wall temperature and striking perturbations in the variations of RMS fluctuation of wall temperature and local fluid temperature. These stem from the delayed response of turbulence to the imposed excursions of flow rate. They provide independent confirmation of ideas concerning the modelling of time scales for the production and diffusion of turbulence in pipe flow which were developed by the present authors in the course of earlier work. Ensemble-averaged local fluid temperature also varies in an unusual manner. Instead of falling monotonically with increase of flow rate, as might be expected, it starts to rise at some stage, reaches a peak value and then falls again. The release of heat stored in the pipe wall contributes to this behaviour. Computational simulations of the present experiments were performed using a spatially fully developed formulation of the equations for unsteady turbulent flow and heat transfer in a boundary layer utilising turbulence models of low Reynolds number, ?-? type. Comparisons between predicted and measured variations of temperature are presented in the paper. These show that the predictions differ significantly from model to model and that detailed agreement with experiment is not obtained using any of the models. However, certain interesting features of the observed temperature variations, such as a delay in the response of outer wall temperature and perturbations in local fluid temperature, are present in the computed results

Comparison of different methods for separation of haploid embryo induced through irradiated pollen and their economic analysis in melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus)

PubMedID: 23818825Irradiated pollen technique is the most successful haploidization technique within Cucurbitaceae. After harvesting of fruits pollinated with irradiated pollen, classical method called as "inspecting the seeds one by one" is used to find haploid embryos in the seeds. In this study, different methods were used to extract the embryos more easily, quickly, economically, and effectively. "Inspecting the seeds one by one" was used as control treatment. Other four methods tested were "sowing seeds direct nutrient media," "inspecting seeds in the light source," "floating seeds on liquid media," and "floating seeds on liquid media after surface sterilization." Y2 and Y3 melon genotypes selected from the third backcross population of Yuva were used as plant material. Results of this study show that there is no statistically significant difference among methods "inspecting the seeds one by one," "sowing seeds direct CP nutrient media," and "inspecting seeds in the light source," although the average number of embryos per fruit is slightly different. No embryo production was obtained from liquid culture because of infection. When considered together with labor costs and time required for embryo rescue, the best methods were "sowing seeds directly in the CP nutrient media" and "inspecting seeds in the light source." © 2013 Gökhan Baktemur et al