37 research outputs found
Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance After Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Humans: The Role of Lipolysis
Effect of Trace and Toxic Elements of Different Brands of Cigarettes on the Essential Elemental Status of Irish Referent and Diabetic Mellitus Consumers
Association of passive and active smoking with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly population: the KORA S4/F4 cohort study
Early posthypoglycemic insulin resistance in man is mainly an effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation.
The insulin effect following hypoglycemia was studied with the euglycemic clamp technique in seven healthy subjects. Following an initial euglycemic clamp hypoglycemia was induced and after glucose recovery a second clamp was performed. Glucose production (Ra) and utilization (Rd) were studied with [3-3H]glucose. Each subject was studied four times; during infusion of placebo, propranolol, somatostatin, and a control study where hypoglycemia was prevented. Hypoglycemia induced an insulin resistance with a lower steady state glucose infusion rate following the hypoglycemia during placebo as compared to the control study (2.5 +/- 0.5 and 4.8 +/- 1.0 mg/kg min, respectively, P less than 0.05). The insulin resistance was due to an attenuated insulin effect on both inhibition of Ra (impaired by 37%) and stimulation of Rd (impaired by 61%). The insulin-antagonistic effect was completely prevented by propranolol but only partly by somatostatin. Thus, early posthypoglycemic insulin resistance (2.5-3.5 h after hypoglycemia) is a sustained effect mainly due to beta-adrenergic stimulation
Early posthypoglycemic insulin resistance in man is mainly an effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Measurement of gastric emptying by radiopaque markers in patients with diabetes:correlation with scintigraphy and upper gastrointestinal symptoms
Microdialysis measurements in skin: evidence for significant lactate release in healthy humans
Prev Chronic Dis
IntroductionActive Families is a program developed to increase outdoor play and decrease television viewing among preschool-aged children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Our objective was to assess its feasibility and efficacy.MethodsWe implemented Active Families in a large WIC clinic in New York State for 1 year. To this end, we incorporated into WIC nutrition counseling sessions a community resource guide with maps showing recreational venues. Outcome measures were children's television viewing and time playing outdoors and parents' behaviors (television viewing, physical activity), self-efficacy to influence children's behaviors, and parenting practices specific to television viewing. We used a nonpaired pretest and posttest design to evaluate the intervention, drawing on comparison data from 3 matched WIC agencies.ResultsCompared with the children at baseline, the children at follow-up were more likely to watch television less than 2 hours per day and play outdoors for at least 60 minutes per day. Additionally, parents reported higher self-efficacy to limit children's television viewing and were more likely to meet physical activity recommendations and watch television less than 2 hours per day.ConclusionResults suggest that it is feasible to foster increased outdoor play and reduced television viewing among WIC-enrolled children by incorporating a community resource guide into WIC nutrition counseling sessions. Future research should test the intervention with a stronger evaluation design in multiple settings, with more diverse WIC populations, and by using more objective outcome measures of child behaviors
Influence of smoking and snus on the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes amongst men: the northern Sweden MONICA study
Dose-dependent positive association between cigarette smoking, abdominal obesity and body fat: cross-sectional data from a population-based survey
Background: Although smokers tend to have a lower body-mass index than non-smokers, smoking may favour abdominal body fat accumulation. To our knowledge, no population-based studies have assessed the relationship between smoking and body fat composition. We assessed the association between cigarette smoking and waist circumference, body fat, and body-mass index. Methods: Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured among 6,123 Caucasians (ages 35-75) from a cross-sectional population-based study in Switzerland. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women. Body fat (percent total body weight) was measured by electrical bioimpedance. Age- and sex-specific body fat cut-offs were used to define excess body fat. Cigarettes smoked per day were assessed by self-administered questionnaire. Age-adjusted means and odds ratios were calculated using linear and logistic regression. Results: Current smokers (29% of men and 24% of women) had lower mean waist circumference, body fat percentage, and body-mass index compared with non-smokers. Age-adjusted mean waist circumference and body fat increased with cigarettes smoked per day among smokers. The association between cigarettes smoked per day and body-mass index was non-significant. Compared with light smokers, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for abdominal obesity in men was 1.28 (0.78-2.10) for moderate smokers and 1.94 (1.15-3.27) for heavy smokers (P = 0.03 for trend), and 1.07 (0.72-1.58) and 2.15 (1.26-3.64) in female moderate and heavy smokers, respectively (P < 0.01 for trend). Compared with light smokers, the OR for excess body fat in men was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.58-1.92) for moderate smokers and 1.15 (0.60-2.20) for heavy smokers (P = 0.75 for trend) and 1.34 (0.89-2.00) and 2.11 (1.25-3.57), respectively in women (P = 0.07 for trend). Conclusion: Among smokers, cigarettes smoked per day were positively associated with central fat accumulation, particularly in women