Characteristics of Green Concrete with Industrial Wastes as Replacement of Fine and Coarse Aggregate

Waste generated due to various industrial activities are dumped as landfill posing serious environmental complications. Pollution control due to industrial waste has become one of concern across the globe. This study discusses foundry sand and coconut shell, two byproducts of the manufacturing and agriculture sectors. The most efficient use of these components is to include them into the concrete itself, either as a partial substitute for fine aggregate or coarse aggregate, or both. Durability tests were conducted on concrete samples with the replacement percentages determined to be optimal on the basis of mechanical characteristics. According to the findings, foundry sand may be utilised as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete, while coconut shell can be used as a coarse aggregate replacement without impacting its strength or durability

Characteristics of Green Concrete with Industrial Wastes as Replacement of Fine and Coarse Aggregate

Waste generated due to various industrial activities are dumped as landfill posing serious environmental complications. Pollution control due to industrial waste has become one of concern across the globe. This study discusses foundry sand and coconut shell, two byproducts of the manufacturing and agriculture sectors. The most efficient use of these components is to include them into the concrete itself, either as a partial substitute for fine aggregate or coarse aggregate, or both. Durability tests were conducted on concrete samples with the replacement percentages determined to be optimal on the basis of mechanical characteristics. According to the findings, foundry sand may be utilised as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete, while coconut shell can be used as a coarse aggregate replacement without impacting its strength or durability

Recent archaeological findings at Qaranilaca cave, Vanuabalavu Island, Fiji

A large sea cave on the southeastern tip of Vanuabalavu Island, northeast Fiji was excavated and shown to have been used by humans from about 1100 cal BP with rapid accumulation of material. The cave may have been uninhabitable until sufficient sand had built up to make flooding by the sea a rare event, and a possible fall in sea-level could have contributed. With rapid cooling and sea-level fall after about 700 BP, more intensive use followed. The cave probably gained prominence in serving as a location where marine resources were cooked prior to being carried to nearby mountain-top settlements, established as a consequence of environmental change affecting coastal settlements. It fell into disuse with the re-establishment of coastal villages about 150 years ago