Pyrolysis of azetidinone derivatives: a versatile route towards electron-rich alkenes, C-1 allylation and/or homologation of aldehydes

Pyrolysis of beta-lactams and beta-thiolactams led essentially to stereoselective synthesis of the high energy electron-rich Z-alkenes. Extension of this methodology to the pyrolysis of 3-allyloxy derivatives gave a simple direct route to the synthetically important 4-pentenal. These pyrolytic transformations convert aldehydes to aryloxyalkenes (a protected homologation) and 4-pentenal (a C-1 allylation and homologation). The starting 3-aryloxy and 3-allyloxy-beta-lactams were synthesized by the standard Staudinger ketene-imine [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The corresponding beta-thiolactams have readily been obtained in good yields by thiation of beta-lactams with Lawesson's reagent.University of Kuwait/SC 02/11GF-S/GS01/01, GS02/01, GS01/03, GS01/0

Identification of novel differentially expressed genes in type 1 diabetes mellitus complications using transcriptomic profiling of UAE patients: a multicenter study

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that mainly affects children and young adults. It is associated with debilitating and long-life complications. Therefore, understanding the factors that lead to the onset and development of these complications is crucial. To our knowledge this is the first study that attempts to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T1DM complications using whole transcriptomic profiling in United Arab Emirates (UAE) patients. The present multicenter study was conducted in different hospitals in UAE including University Hospital Sharjah, Dubai Hospital and Rashid Hospital. A total of fifty-eight Emirati participants aged above 18 years and with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 were recruited and forty-five of these participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T1DM. Five groups of complications associated with the latter were identified including hyperlipidemia, neuropathy, ketoacidosis, hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A comprehensive whole transcriptomic analysis using NGS was conducted. The outcomes of the study revealed the common DEGs between T1DM without complications and T1DM with different complications. The results revealed seven common candidate DEGs, SPINK9, TRDN, PVRL4, MYO3A, PDLIM1, KIAA1614 and GRP were upregulated in T1DM complications with significant increase in expression of SPINK9 (Fold change: 5.28, 3.79, 5.20, 3.79, 5.20) and MYO3A (Fold change: 4.14, 6.11, 2.60, 4.33, 4.49) in hyperlipidemia, neuropathy, ketoacidosis, hypothyroidism and PCOS, respectively. In addition, functional pathways of ion transport, mineral absorption and cytosolic calcium concentration were involved in regulation of candidate upregulated genes related to neuropathy, ketoacidosis and PCOS, respectively. The findings of this study represent a novel reference warranting further studies to shed light on the causative genetic factors that are involved in the onset and development of T1DM complications

Effect of Oxygen Consumption of Thylakoid Membranes (Chloroplasts) From Spinach after Inhibition Using JNN

Abstract: In this research, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed and tested to predict effect of oxygen consumption of thylakoid membranes (chloroplasts) from spinach after inhibition. A number of factors were identified that may affect of oxygen consumption of thylakoid membranes from spinach. Factors such as curve, herbicide, dose, among others, as input variables for the ANN model. A model based on multi-layer concept topology was developed and trained using the data from some inhibition of photosynthesis in farms. The evaluation of testing the dataset shows that the ANN model is capable of correctly predicting the effect of oxygen consumption of thylakoid membranes (chloroplasts) from spinach after inhibition with 100% accuracy

Alma-Ata to Berlin: diabetes prevention and treatment to achieve healthy living

Bharti Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Karnal, Haryana, IndiaAarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, DenmarkKazakh Acad Nutr, Alma Ata, KazakhstanAcad Prevent Med, Alma Ata, KazakhstanKazakh Natl Med Univ, Alma Ata, KazakhstanDubai Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesPondicherry Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Pondicherry, IndiaMinist Hlth, Directorate Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, MexicoItalian Coll Gen Practitioners, Florence, ItalyUniv Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaSiberian State Med Univ, Tomsk, RussiaInst Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Endocrinol Res Ctr, Moscow, RussiaUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilPrimary Care Diabet Europe, Barcelona, SpainDubai Hlth Author, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesPeking Union Med Coll, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulae presenting as transient ischemic attack: Case illustration

Dural arteriovenous fistulae are vascular lesions of the dura mater, usually acquired, consisting of abnormal connections between the dural arteries with the venous sinuses or the cortical veins. A case report presents a case with an unusual form of presentation of the dural (tentorial) arterio-venous fistula simulating a transient ischemic attack in a 60-year-old male patient

Dose-response model of murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi): time post inoculation and host age dependency analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Rickettsia typhi (R. mooseri) </it>is the causative agent of murine typhus. It is one of the most widely distributed flea-borne diseases with a relatively mild febrile initial illness with six to 14 days of incubation period. The bacterium is gram negative and an obligate intracellular pathogen. The disease is transmitted to humans and vertebrate host through fleabites or via contact with infected feces. This paper develops dose-response models of different routes of exposure for typhus in rodents.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data from published articles were analyzed using parametric dose-response relationship models. Dose-response relationships were fit to data using the method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Dose-response models quantifying the effects of different ages of rats and time post inoculation in BALB/c mice were analyzed in the study. Both the adult rats (inoculated intradermally) and newborn rats (inoculated subcutaneously) were best fit by exponential models and both distributions could be described by a single dose-response relationship. The BALB/C mice inoculated subcutaneously were best fit by Beta-Poisson models. The time post inoculation analysis showed that there was a definite time and response relationship existed in this case.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Intradermally or subcutaneously inoculated rats (adult and newborn) models suggest that less than 1 plaque-forming unit (PFU) (1.33 to 0.38 in 95% confidence limits) of the pathogen is enough to seroconvert 50% of the exposed population on average. For the BALB/c mouse time post inoculation model, an average dose of 0.28 plaque-forming units (PFU) (0.75 to 0.11 in 95% confidence limits) will seroconvert 50% of the exposed mice.</p

Consanguinity and reproductive health among Arabs

Consanguineous marriages have been practiced since the early existence of modern humans. Until now consanguinity is widely practiced in several global communities with variable rates depending on religion, culture, and geography. Arab populations have a long tradition of consanguinity due to socio-cultural factors. Many Arab countries display some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriages in the world, and specifically first cousin marriages which may reach 25-30% of all marriages. In some countries like Qatar, Yemen, and UAE, consanguinity rates are increasing in the current generation. Research among Arabs and worldwide has indicated that consanguinity could have an effect on some reproductive health parameters such as postnatal mortality and rates of congenital malformations. The association of consanguinity with other reproductive health parameters, such as fertility and fetal wastage, is controversial. The main impact of consanguinity, however, is an increase in the rate of homozygotes for autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Worldwide, known dominant disorders are more numerous than known recessive disorders. However, data on genetic disorders in Arab populations as extracted from the Catalogue of Transmission Genetics in Arabs (CTGA) database indicate a relative abundance of recessive disorders in the region that is clearly associated with the practice of consanguinity