Zeznanie, wyjaśnienie, oświadczenie jako dowód w postępowaniu podatkowym – wybrane zagadnienia na tle orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych

HIERONIM SĘK – sędzia Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w WarszawiePIOTR PIETRASZ – dr nauk prawnych, sędzia Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Białymstoku, adiunkt w Katedrze Prawa Administracyjnego na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku115

An Analysis of IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-23A and IL-23R Expression and Their Correlation with Clinical Course in Patients with Psoriasis.

Being one of the most common dermatological inflammatory disorders, psoriasis is a frequent subject of research. It is considered to be a T cell-dependent immune disease whose pathogenesis is influenced by cytokines, such as IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-23A and IL-23R. The present study examines whether the expression of selected genes is correlated with the clinical course of psoriasis, assessed by the PASI, BSA and DLQI scales. Skin biopsies and blood from 60 patients with psoriasis and 24 healthy controls were obtained for RNA isolation. These were subjected to RT-PCR for IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-23A and IL-23R genes. The results were presented as an RQ value. IL-17A and IL-23R expression levels were higher in psoriatic skin compared to controls, while IL-10 expression was lower. A positive correlation was also found between RQ for IL-23A and PASI index. Psoriatic skin is characterised by elevated expression of IL-17A and IL-23R and decreased expression of IL-10. This indicates that the selected cytokines may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis and pathomechanism of psoriasis, but more studies need to be made before we can elucidate the exact reason for the unbalance in cytokine expression levels

Impact of MBE-grown (In,Ga)As/GaAs metamorphic buffers on excitonic and optical properties of single quantum dots with single-photon emission tuned to the telecom range

Tuning GaAs-based quantum emitters to telecom wavelengths makes it possible to use the existing mature technology for applications in, e.g., long-haul ultra-secure communication in the fiber networks. A promising method re-developed recently is to use a metamorphic InGaAs buffer that redshifts the emission by reducing strain. However, the impact of such a buffer causes also a simultaneous modification of other quantum dot properties. Knowledge of these effects is crucial for actual implementations of QD-based non-classical light sources for quantum communication schemes. Here, we thoroughly study single GaAs-based quantum dots grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on specially designed, digital-alloy InGaAs metamorphic buffers. With a set of structures varying in the buffer indium content and providing quantum dot emission through the telecom spectral range up to 1.6 $\mu$m, we analyze the impact of the buffer and its composition on QD structural and optical properties. We identify the mechanisms of quantum dot emission shift with varying buffer composition. We also look into the charge trapping processes and compare excitonic properties for different growth conditions with single-dot emission successfully shifted to both, the second and the third telecom windows.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure

Znaczenie ekspresji antygenu Ki-67 ocenianej metodą mikromacierzy tkankowych dla rokowania u chorych z gruczolakorakiem endometrialnym endometrium

Objectives: To assess the prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression in the tissue microarray method (TMA) for disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). Material and methods: The study examined 159 consecutive patients aged 37-86 (62.82±9.95) with EEC stages I-III according to FIGO, treated surgically at the Pirogow Memorial Hospital of Lodz between 2000 and 2007. Afterwards they were subsequently treated and examined at the Regional Cancer Center, Copernicus Memorial Hospital of Lodz. Tissue cores 2 mm in size, in duplicate, were taken from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue donor blocks from surgery, and constructed into the TMA recipient blocks. Using TMA method, the relationship between Ki-67 expression, DFS and OS was examined. DFS was defined as a period from primary surgery until relapse. OS was defined as a period from primary surgery until the end of the follow-up (60 months) or until the death of the patient. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Lodz (RNN/82/11/KE; KE/1673/12). Results: The follow-up time varied between 3 - 60 months (51.42±15.87). In 31 patients (19.50%) the relapse of was diagnosed 1–59 months (24.97±16.08) after commencement of the treatment. During follow-up 32 patients (20.12%) died. DFS and OS were 80.50% and 79.88%, respectively. The lack of Ki-67 expression was found in 37 cases (23.27%) while in 122 patients (76.73%) the expression was present (p20% was present in 76 cases, 26 cases and 20 cases, respectively. Positive correlation between the expression of Ki-67 and staging was present (r=0.353; pCel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena znaczenia rokowniczego obecności i wielkości ekspresji antygenu Ki-67 ocenianej metodą mikromacierzy tkankowych (TMA) dla przeżycia wolnego od choroby (DFS) oraz przeżycia ogólnego (OS) chorych z gruczolakorakiem endometrialnym endometrium (GEE). Materiał i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiło 159 chorych. Wykorzystując metodę TMA, oceniono zależność między obecnością i wielkością ekspresji Ki-67 a DFS i OS. Wyniki: Okres obserwacji wynosił 3-60 miesięcy (51,42±15,87). DFS i OS wynosiły odpowiednio 80,50% i 79,88%. Brak ekspresji Ki-67 stwierdzono w 37 przypadkach (23,27%), a obecność ekspresji Ki-67 u 122 chorych (76,73%;

Effectiveness of tissue microarray technique for the assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptors expression in endometrioid endometrial cancer – preliminary report

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the donor-block biopsies with a 2 mm-size needle in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) in the tissue microarray (TMA) technique and the application of the TMA for estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) expression in EEC. Material and methods: The study examined EEC tissues from 60 patients. Tissue cores, 2 mm in size, in duplicate, were taken from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue donor blocks and constructed into the TMA recipient block. The presence of EEC tissue in the TMAs was analyzed, and the ER and PR expressions were examined. Results: EEC tissue in TMAs was confirmed in 56 cases (93.33%). In 49 of them (81.67%), both cores presented with cancer tissues. In 4 cases (6.67%) EEC tissue was absent. All cases with ECC present on the TMA slides were appropriate for the ER and PR analysis. In 29 EEC cases (51.98%) both ER and PR were expressed. In 3 cases (5.36%) only ER was expressed, in 8 cases (14.29%) only PR was expressed, and in 16 cases (28.57%) ER and PR were assessed as negative. Conclusions: Two 2 mm-sized tissue cores from donor-block biopsies constructed into the TMA recipient block were sufficient to diagnose EEC and enabled the assessment of ER and PR expression in 93.3% of the cases. The use of the described TMA technique makes the immunohistochemical study of EEC easier and more timeefficient

Znaczenie ekspresji receptorów progesteronowych i estrogenowych ocenianej metodą mikromacierzy tkankowych dla rokowania u chorych z gruczolakorakiem endometrioidalnym endometrium

Objectives: To assess prognostic significance of progesterone receptors (PR) and estrogen receptors (ER) expression in the tissue microarray (TMA) technique for disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). Material and methods: The study included 151 consecutive patients, aged 37-86 years (62.80±9.99), with the EEC in stages I-III (FIGO), treated surgically at the Pirogow Memorial Hospital of Lodz between 2000 and 2007. Afterwards, they were subsequently treated and examined at the Regional Cancer Center, Copernicus Memorial Hospital of Lodz. Tissue cores 2 mm in size, in duplicate, were taken from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue donor blocks from surgery, and constructed into the TMA recipient blocks. Using TMAs, the expression of PR and ER was examined and presented as Total Score (TS). The TS was determined by adding the intensity and marker distribution scores in a given case. The relationship between PR and ER expression, DFS and OS was examined. DFS was defined as the period from primary surgery until relapse. OS was defined as the period from primary surgery until the end of the follow-up (60 months) or until the death of the patient. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Lodz (RNN/82/11/KE). Results: Lack of the PR and ER expression was found in 46 cases (30.46%) and 67 cases (44.37%), respectively. The expression of the PR and ER was weak in 24 cases (15.89%) and 22 cases (14.57%), respectively. Strong PR and ER expression was found in 81 patients (53.65%) and 62 patients (41.06%), respectively. Follow-up after surgery varied from 3 to 60 months (50.95±16.36). In 30 patients (19.87%) relapse was diagnosed 1–54 months (22.17±15.59) after surgery. During follow-ups, 29 patients (19.21%) died. In univariate analysis better DFS was related to the presence of PR (p=0.010), higher TS of PR (HR=0.81; 95% CI 0.71-0.94), the presence of ER (p=0.001) and higher TS of ER (HR=0.88; 95% CI 0.78-0.99). DFS differed significantly between the groups: without PR and ER expression (A), with presence of the PR but not ER expression (B), with the ER but not PR expression (C) and with the PR and ER expression (D) (p=0.004). In univariate analysis OS was not related to PR expression (p=0.110), TS of PR (HR= 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-1.02) and ER expression (p=0.070). TS of ER was connected to better OS (HR= 0.83; 95%CI 0.72-0.96). The OS differed between groups A, B, C and D (p=0.006). In multivariate analysis variants of PR/ER expression influenced the DFS (p=0.039) and OS (p=0.016). Conclusions: The expression of the PR and ER can significantly affect therapeutic decisions in selected patients with EEC. In EEC, common assessment of PR and ER expression is of higher prognostic value, than compared to single evaluation of PR and ER receptors.Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena znaczenia rokowniczego obecności i wielkości ekspresji receptorów estrogenowych (ER) i progesteronowych (PR) ocenianej metodą mikromacierzy tkankowych (TMA) dla przeżycia wolnego od choroby (DFS) oraz przeżycia ogólnego (OS) chorych z gruczolakorakiem endometrioidalnym endometrium (GEE). Materiał i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiło 151 chorych. Wykorzystując metodę TMA, oceniono zależność między obecnością i wielkością ekspresji ER i PR a DFS i OS. Wyniki: W analizie jednoczynnikowej stwierdzono zależność między wzrostem DFS a obecnością PR (p=0,010), wzrostem wskaźnika całkowitego (TS) ekspresji PR (HR=0,81; 95%CI 0,71-0,94), obecnością ER (p=0,001) i wzrostem TS ekspresji ER (HR=0,88; 95%CI 0,78-0,99). Stwierdzono występowanie różnic w DFS między grupami: bez ekspresji PR i ER (A), z ekspresją PR bez ekspresji ER (B), z ekspresją ER bez ekspresji PR(C), z ekspresją PR i ER (D) (p=0,004). Nie wykazano związku obecności PR (p=0,11), TS ekspresji PR (HR= 0,89; 95%CI 0,80-1,02) i ekspresji ER (p=0,07) z OS w analizie jednoczynnikowej. TS ekspresji ER było istotnym czynnikiem ochronnym, sprzyjającym dłuższemu OS (HR= 0,83; 95%CI 0,72-0,96). Stwierdzono różnice w OS między grupami: A, B, C i D (p=0,006). W analizie wieloczynnikowej kombinacje ekspresji PR/ER istotnie wpływały na DFS (p=0,039) i OS (p=0,016). Wnioski: Określenie ekspresji PR i ER może być istotnym elementem wpływającym na decyzje terapeutyczne u części chorych na GEE. Jednoczesna ocena ekspresji PR i ER ma większą wartość kliniczną od oceny tylko PRlub tylko ER

Experimental studies on the possibility of using a pulsed laser for spot welding of thin metallic foils

The purpose of the experiment was to study the influence of the laser beam in pulse mode on metallic foils in order to obtain a spot weld. The welding process was carried out using the overlap weld method, using spot welds in various quantities. The Nd - YAG BLS 720 pulsed laser was used to conduct the experiment. The impact of the number of spot welds on the value of force needed to break the sample was examined. A number of measurements were carried out to determine the best process parameters. Butt welding and overlap welding were also performed using a continuous weld consisting of spot welds. Weld strength tests were performed to select the most appropriate parameters for the process under consideration

Experimental analysis of chemical demulsification of cutting oil

The wastewater produced by the metal industry is often present in the form of oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in- oil (W/O) emulsions. These fluids contain a certain amount of valuable oil that can be recovered in the recycling process. Therefore, the development of novel, efficient, and low cost processes for the treatment of metalworking fluid is necessary. Demulsification to separate oil/water mixtures is a very interesting option because it allows the recovery and reuse of the lubricant oil and effects in cleaner, easily treatable wastewater.Chemical destabilization is the most common way of demulsification of metalworking fluids. As an example, inorganic salts can be used as demulsifiers. In the presented work the efficiency of treatment of cutting emulsions with chemical demulsification with usage of aluminum sulfate (IV) is described. The emulsion was prepared with Emulgol-ES12 self-emulsyfing oil delivered by Orlen S.A. In the research the feasibility of the demulsifier was checked.The novel in this paper is determination of the optimal dosage of emulsifier using the TurbiscanLab® apparatus. It is relatively quick and precise method that can be applied in the industry