Cymantrene–Triazole "Click" Products: Structural Characterization and Electrochemical Properties

We report the first known examples of triazole-derivatized cymantrene complexes (η5-[4-substituted triazol-1-yl]cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I), obtained via a “click” chemical synthesis, bearing a phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, or 4-aminophenyl moiety at the 4-position of the triazole ring. Structural characterization data using multinuclear NMR, UV–vis, ATR-IR, and mass spectrometric methods are provided, as well as crystallographic data for (η5-[4-phenyltriazol-1-yl]cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I) and (η5-[4-(3-aminophenyl)triazol-1-yl]cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I). Cyclic voltammetric characterization of the redox behavior of each of the three cymantrene–triazole complexes is presented together with digital simulations, in situ infrared spectroelectrochemistry, and DFT calculations to extract the associated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The trypanocidal activity of each cymantrene–triazole complex is also examined, and these complexes are found to be more active than cymantrene alone

Walking parameters of older adults from a lower back inertial measurement unit, a 6-year longitudinal observational study

Gait changes during aging and differs between sexes. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) enable accurate quantitative evaluations of gait in ambulatory environments and in large populations. This study aims to provide IMU-based gait parameters' values derived from a large longitudinal cohort study in older adults. We measured gait parameters, such as velocity, step length, time, variability, and asymmetry, from straight, self-paced 20-m walks in older adults (four visits: 715/1102/1017/957 participants) every second year over 6 years using an IMU at the lower back. Moreover, we calculated the associations of gait parameters with sex and age. Women showed lower gait speed, step length, step time, stride time, swing time, and stance time, compared to men. Longitudinal analyses suggest that these parameters are at least partly deteriorating within the assessment period of 2 years, especially in men and at an older age. Variability and asymmetry parameters show a less clear sex- and age-associated pattern. Altogether, our large longitudinal dataset provides the first sex-specific information on which parameters are particularly promising for the detection of age-related gait changes that can be extracted from an IMU on the lower back. This information may be helpful for future observational and treatment studies investigating sex and age-related effects on gait, as well as for studies investigating age-related diseases

Height Systems and Vertical Datums: a Review in the Australian Context

This paper reviews (without equations) the various definitions of height systems and vertical geodetic datum surfaces, together with their practical realisation for users in Australia. Excluding geopotential numbers, a height system is a one-dimensional coordinate system used to express the metric distance (height) of a point from some reference surface. Its definition varies according to the reference surface chosen and the path along which the height is measured. A vertical geodetic datum is the practical realisation of a height system and its reference surface for users, nominally tied to mean sea level. In Australia, the normal-orthometric height system is used, which is embedded in the Australian Height Datum (AHD). The AHD was realised by the adjustment of ~195,000 km of spirit-levelling observations fixed to limited-term observations of mean sea level at multiple tide-gauges. The paper ends by giving some explanation of the problems with the AHD and of the differences between the AHD and the national geoid model, pointing out that it is preferable to recompute the AHD

Closed-Form transformation between geodetic and ellipsoidal coordinates

We present formulas for direct closed-form transformation between geodetic coordinates(Φ, λ, h) and ellipsoidal coordinates (β, λ, u) for any oblate ellipsoid of revolution.These will be useful for those dealing with ellipsoidal representations of the Earth's gravityfield or other oblate ellipsoidal figures. The numerical stability of the transformations for nearpolarand near-equatorial regions is also considered

Towards the new cyclometalated complex [{Rh(mu-Cl)(ptpy)(2)}(2)] (ptpy=2-(p-tolyl)pyridinato)

A convenient synthesis of the cyclometalated complex [{Rh(mu-Cl)(ptpy)(2)}(2)] (2, ptpy = 2-(p-tolyl)pyridinato) is described. Compound 2 was obtained by oxidative addition of Hptpy towards 1[{Rh(mu-Cl)(coe)(2)}(2)] 1 (coe-=cis-cyclooctene) in refluxing toluene in good yield. The complex 2 crystallized from chloroform/isohexane in the space group P2(1)/n as solvate 2*2 CHCl3 and its molecular structure was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The emission spectrum exhibits the new compound as green-emitting phosphorescent complex

Das Problem der Bildungsinhalte. Bildungstheorien unter allgemeindidaktischer Kritik

In diesem Beitrag wird das Problem der Bildungsinhalte behandelt. In einem ersten Schritt wird hierzu auf das Normproblem der Allgemeinen Didaktik eingegangen und ein Lösungsvorschlag für die besagte Problemstellung entwickelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in einem zweiten Schritt das Problembewusstsein markiert, an dem sich Stellungnahmen zum Problem der Bildungsinhalte heute bewähren müssen. Dies geschieht im Rückgriff auf die Theorie der kategorialen Bildung. In einem dritten Schritt wird schließlich exemplarisch eine neuere Bildungstheorie, in der Bildung als ein im Medium von Anerkennungsformen situierter Prozess der Selbst-Universalisierung beschrieben wird, aufgegriffen und mit der Theorie der kategorialen Bildung in eine wechselseitige Prüfung auf Überzeugungskraft hin verwickelt. Wie sich zeigen lässt, fällt die besagte Beschreibung von Bildung hinter das Problembewusstsein zurück, das im Rückgriff auf die Theorie der kategorialen Bildung markiert werden kann – zumindest was das Problem der Bildungsinhalte und damit eine zentrale Problemstellung einer bildungstheoretisch fundierten Allgemeinen Didaktik betrifft