Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of glucosinolates in cruciferous plants during their life cycles

Glucosinolates produced by Brassica species were investigated in relation to biofumigation, a term used to describe the effects some allelochemicals, including glucosinolate derived products, may have on soil-borne pathogens or other herbivores. Four Brassica species of the U-triangle, namely B. nigra (L.) Koch, B. carinata Braun, B. juncea (L.) Czern. and B. rapa L. were compared with respect to their qualitative and quantitative glucosinolate profiles in roots, stems, leaves and reproductive organs. Plants were monitored at four different development stages and the total glucosinolate content as well as their dry matter production as an indication of their potential biomass under field conditions were determined. Glucosinolate levels of up to 120 ìmol g -1 DM were found in B. nigra and B. juncea, while B. rapa did not show values over 25 ìmol g-1 DM at any stage of the investigated plant life cycles. In the three species at the top of U-triangle, reproductive tissues showed the highest glucosinolate concentration when compared to the rest of the plant parts, while in B. rapa, the roots were the organs with the highest glucosinolate concentration. The glucosinolate profile of the different plant parts of the species studied changed during the growth cycle, showing that the trade-off between glucosinolate profile and biomass production should be optimized in order to maximize the biofumigation effect of a crop. However, further information on other allelochemicals and on the different types of glucosinolate derived products resulting from autolysis or myrosinase catalyzed hydrolysis of glucosinolates at different reaction conditions is needed for the appropriate description of the potential biofumigation effects of different crops

Processing-bioprocessing of oilseed rape in bioenergy production and value added utilization of remaining seed components

Cruciferous oilseed crops accumulate relatively high concentrations of oil, proteins and dietary fibres (DF) in their seeds, in addition to bioactive components as glucosinolates and myrosinase isoenzymes (thioglucohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.147). When mixed in the presence of moisture, myrosinase isoenzymes and associated components transform glucosinolates into various types of products, which reduces the value of the extracted oil and the remaining seed components, as well as producing unwanted environmental effects due to smell and toxicity. This gives a need for special care concerning myrosinase inactivation as the initial step during processing of oilseed rape, including technologies applied for biodiesel/bioenergy production. The myrosinase inactivation is thus a critical processing step, which needs to be performed at conditions with limited negative effects on other seed components, including proteins and glucosinolates. New bioprocessing technologies are now developed at levels that allow technology transfer from laboratory scale through pilot plant to industrial scale. The extraction of glucosinolates from the seed components remaining after oil separation-pressing and/or extraction is technically possible and has proven successful with the use of bioprocessing technologies. This is also the case concerning isolation of active myrosinases. The possibilities therefore exist for extraction and formulation of glucosinolates as “natural product derived” food and plant protection agents. With the great amounts of partly de-oiled rapeseed meal resulting from bioenergy/biodiesel production, the new bioprocessing technologies call thus for attention in relation to environmental friendly production of food (vegetable oil, protein and DF products), feed and other non food products

The Stability of Fresh Zero-Slump Concrete

This report focuses upon the effects of cement-substitution in part by two potash feldspar powders, and by silica-fume, on the fresh concrete strength of newly compacted cylinder samples. The water/cement-ratio was kept constant at 0.31. An Intensive Compaction Tester (abbrev: IC-Tester) which exerts a slow kneading action under pressure on the sample in a cylindrical mold, was utilized. It was found that the fresh cylinder compressive strength increased with decreasing water-content and more than doubled with each of the 3 fillers replacing 30 % of the cement-volume. A tradeoff was a loss in 28-day compressive strength for both of the feldspars, while the 28-day strength of the silica-samples remained virtually unaffected

Subjective definition of traits and economic values for selection of organic sows in Denmark

Derivations of breeding goals for organic sow production using objective and subjective method

Kampagne, komposition, konsolidering: En analyse af den kognitive udvikling i Silk Cut

 I det følgende skal der sættes fokus på ’Silk Cut’ kampagnen, som udfoldede sig fra 1983–1997. Ærindet er, for det første, at vise, hvordan kampagnens opbygning af forståelse hviler på et samspil mellem (erindrings)skemaer, som skaber kontinuitet i og imellem kampagnens ellers adskilte udtryk. For det andet, at vise, hvordan disse skemaer og den ledsagende kontinuitet i forståelsen med kampagnen er bundet op på en særlig ’æstetisk’ struktur – nemlig rebusstrukturen. For det tredje, at vise, hvordan denne struktur har karakter af gåde, og igangsætter en proces med problemløsnings karakter, som på sin side vil påvirke kontinuiteten i kampagnens opbygning af forståelse. Endelig, for det fjerde, er ærindet at spørge til kampagnens opbygning af forståelse fra et eksplicit semiotisk perspektiv for på den baggrund at vise, hvordan kampagnens effekt kan skyldes, at dens opbygning mimer nogle formelle strukturer i forståelsen

How to Analyse Comprehension in Print Advertising: Advertising Effect from a Peircean Perspective

The present article shows how the composition of an advertisement influences the creation of comprehension in the receiving process. It is suggested that composition is a varying structure of inference fields, and on this foundation, it is emphasised how composition is underrated in consumer research and in its classical modelling of the cognitive effect of advertising, especially comprehension as an effect, and as a contributing factor in the ongoing mental assimilation of the message in general. That composition is an important factor in an advertisement’s cognitive construction of the message is demonstrated via a so-called reduction analysis, that is, an operation in the ad’s composition; its inference fields. This reduction analysis is meant as a preliminary method to establish hypotheses concerning how the composition supports different kinds of comprehension, and to be able to further test such hypotheses experimentally