18 research outputs found
Noi soiuri de cireş pentru plantaţiile pomicole din România
In the last ten years was been introduced into the orchards of Romania new autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars or from the foreign assortment. Research was conducted during 2014-2016 at three Romanian new obtained cultivars as ‘Andreias’, ‘Alexus’ and ‘Mihailis’ and two introduced sweet cherry cultivars as ‘Kordia’ (Czech Republic) and ‘Van’ (Canada). An other cultivar, ‘Boambe de Cotnari’ (Romania) was evaluated. ‘Boambe de Cotnari’ is an old cultivar very spread in Romania butstill demanded by producers. Some parameters related to phenological stages and fruit characteristics were determined. Sweet cherry cultivars taken into study registered fruit weight value as 7.72 g (as average 2014-2016) and soluble solids content as 14.53 Brix
S-GENOTYPING OF SOME SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS RELEASED WITHIN BREEDING PROGRAMMES IN THE BALKAN REGION
Sweet cherry cultivars generally exhibit S-ribonuclease (S-RNase)-based gametophytic selfincompatibility and require pollination with pollen of compatible genotypes, which are indispensable to stable fruit production. Therefore, the determination of S-genotype provides relevant information for sweet cherry breeders and growers. The aim of this study was to identify the S-allelic constitution and incompatibility group in eight sweet cherry cultivars which were named and released at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Republic of Serbia (‘Asenova Rana’ and ‘Čarna’), Research Station for Fruit Growing, Iasi, Romania (ʻAlexusʼ, ʻBuciumʼ and ʻMargoniaʼ) and Fruit Growing Institute, Plovdiv, Republic of Bulgaria (ʻKossaraʼ, ʻRosalinaʼ and ʻRositaʼ). The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with consensus primers for the second introns of S-RNase, as well as primers specific for S1S7 and S9 alleles enabled determination of the following S-genotypes in the assessed cultivars: S1S2 (ʻAlexusʼ), S1S4 (ʻČarnaʼ), S2S9 (ʻKossaraʼ and ʻRositaʼ), S3S6 (ʻBuciumʼ), S3S9 (ʻAsenova Ranaʼ and ʻRosalinaʼ) and S5S6 (ʻMargoniaʼ). In addition, the S-genotypes of two parental cultivars were reported in this manuscript for the first time ‘Boambe de Cotnari’ (S2S7) and ‘Ranna Tcherna’ (S1S2). Based on the obtained S-allelic constitutions, the assessed cultivars were assigned to the following incompatibility groups: I, II, VI, IX, XI, XIV, XV, XVI and XLIII. The results generated in this study provide a valuable resource for cross design in developing new cultivars and for orchard management in the efficient high-yielding fruit production
Cercetări privind comportarea unor soiuri de cireş în zona Iaşi
The aim of the paper is to present the valuable features of sweet cherry cultivars obtained at RSFG Iasi but also of some foreign cultivars which improve the range with different fruit ripening period throughout during entire harvest season. Regarding on the three years average yield (2015-2017) it is reported statistically that all the cultivars recorded insignificant differences compared to the average of cultivars (20.3 kg/tree) with values between 16.7 kg/tree (Cătălina) and 24.3 kg/tree (Marina). In terms of weight and equatorial diameter of fruits, Cetăţuia (5.0 g respectively 21.07 mm) recorded significant negative differences compared to the average of the variants (6.9 g and 23.53 mm) and all cultivars taken in the study registered insignificant differences compared with control
ELAIAŞI – new sweet cherry cultivar with high productivity and medium ripening time
The aim of this paper is to
improve the autochthonous sweet cherry
assortment with new cultivars of good
adaptability and ecological plasticity, with
superior biological potential, productive,
with quality fruits and superior features, in
comparison to existing cultivars. Due to the
characteristic of having an earlier ripening
age for the fruits compared to the other tree
species (beginning in May), the cherry is the
first ring in the annual chain of fruits
production. On the fresh fruits market, the
preferred ones are the cultivars type
‘bigarreau’, with shining red colour,
resistant to cracking, transport and
temporary storage with the weight of over
7 g. Analysing the main phenological stages
for the two cultivars, it was noticed that the
new sweet cherry cultivar ‘Elaiaşi’ is
average both in flowering beginning time
and fruits maturation season. In regards to
average productions for five years (2012 -
2016), from the statistical point of view, it
was noticed that ‘Elaiaşi’ (21.1 kg/tree)
recorded production with insignificant
positive differences in comparison to the
witness cultivar ‘Van’ (20.2 kg/tree). Under
the aspect of fruits’ weight and equatorial
diameter, ‘Elaiaşi’ (8.8 g and, respectively,
25.1 mm) recorded significant and
respectively positive significant differences,
in comparison to the witness cultivar ‘Van’
(7.6 g and 23.9 mm). Concerning the fruit’s
resistance to cracking, ‘Elaiaşi’ cultivar
presented a superior resistance (2.7 %) to
the witness cultivar ‘Van’ (42.0 %),
recording distinct significant negative
differences in comparison to this cultivar
from the statistical point of view
Results obtained in breeding of bitter cherry assortment at fruit growing research station Iaşi - Romania
The paper proposes the
improvement of the current bitter cherry
assortment with new creations made at Iaşi,
adapted to the specific conditions from the
NE area of Romania. For the improvement
of the bitter cherry assortment with new,
productive, disease resistant cultivars with
fruits of good quality, resistant to cracking
with different maturation stages, in 1981 at
Fruit Growing Research Station (F.G.R.S.)
Iaşi - Romania has begun an action of
selection and promoting of some valuable
genotypes of bitter cherry (existent in the
spontaneous flora or in plantations from the
Iaşi county), which were being planted with
cultivars and other genotypes from all
around the country. Following the positive
and gradual selection there were selected
three biotypes of bitter cherry from which
two of them have been approved as new
cultivars in 1994, with the names „Amar
Maxut”, respectively, „Amar Galata” and
the biotype „Amar R5.P10” has been
registered in 2013 at the State Institute for
Variety Testing and Registration Bucharest
to be approved as a new cultivar. All three
bitter cherry genotypes correspond to the
objectives of the main assortment breeding.
They have a high productivity because the
natural fertility index registered values
between 36.5-63.7%, the trees have a
reduced vigour, they present a good
resistance to frost (1-9% affected buds) and
to diseases (values of I% anthracnose, 1.1-
2.8%). The fruits are high quality and the
maturation stages are at the extremities of
the cherries maturation season
Cercetări privind comportarea unor soiuri de cireş cu diferite epoci de coacere în condiţiile zonei de N-E a României
The aim of this study is to improve the sweet cherry tree assortment for the Northeastarea of Romania by promoting the new cultivars created at RSFG Iasi, renewing the current sweet cherry tree assortment with new quality cultivars and especially extending the sweet cherry season, filling the existing gaps during the consumption period. At this time, the market is unbalanced in favor of cultivars in the first part of the fruit season. The tendency is towards rebalancing, by reducing the proportion of cultivars with medium season maturity and increasing the early and the late ones. In termsof productivity, the three-year average production (2016-2018) cultivars as followes Golia (19.7 kg / tree), Margonia (23.3 kg / tree) and Bucium (24.7 kg / tree) was remarkable. Regarding the average weight of the fruit, it recorded values between 4.8 g (Cetatuia) and 7.6 g (Bucium)
Evaluarea unor soiuri de cireş amar obţinute la S.C.D.P. Iaşi
The aim of the paper is to present the valuable features of bitter cherry cultivars obtained at RSFG Iasi, that improve the cultivars’ assortment with different maturation ages of the fruits sequenced all over the cherries’ maturation season. In terms of fruit’s weight (g) and equatorial diameter (mm), the cultivars Amaris (5.1 g and 21.1 mm) and Amar Galata (4.1 g and 18.0 mm) got remarked statistically during the five years. They recorded very significant differences and distinct positive significant differences in comparison with the witness cultivar Silva (3.0 g and 15.8 mm). For the stone’s size, the cultivars recorded a weight between 0.25-0.33 g, recording very negatively significant differences (Amar Maxut with 0.25 g) and negatively distinct significant differences (Amaris with 0.26 g) in comparison with the cultivar Silva as control (0.33 g). Regarding the fruits’ resistance to cracking, Amar Maxut (0.3%), Amaris (0.3%) and Amar Galata (3.3%) present a resistance superior to the control cultivar Silva (4.1%
Investigations on the fruit resistance to deformation in some sweet cherry tree varieties
The knowledge of sweet
cherry resistance to deformation was
important for a good choice of means and
methods of packing, storage and
transportation of fresh fruits for
consumption, both on internal market and
for exportation. In this paper, the authors
have shown the results of some
determinations on fruit deformation, carried
out on seven sweet cherry varieties
(Cetăţuia, Cătălina, Maria, Golia, Ştefan,
Bucium and Tereza), harvested at three
maturation stages: before ripening (10 days
before ripening), almost ripe (five days
before maturity) and at maturity. We have
recorded the fruit resistance to deformation
at a weight below 500 g, using an original
device made by the Fruit Growing Research
and Development Station of Iaşi. This
mechanical device can be used for
measuring the resistance to deformation of
the fruit belonging to some fruit species or
of grapes. The fruit deformation was
determined for a certain weight (in our
determinations, below the weight of 500 g).
By comparing the varieties between them,
we found that Maria and Bucium varieties
were the most resistant to deformation, at all
the three harvest stages, significant
differences being found, compared to the
other varieties. We have used these
determinations for the statistical calculation
by the analysis of variance for bifactorial
trials, in order to establish the most resistant
varieties to fruit deformation at different
harvest stages
DETERMINATIONS OF THE TREE VIGOR AND ANNUAL GROWTH AT SOME WALNUT GENOTYPES FROM THE ROMANIAN NORTH-EASTERN AREA
The aim of this paper is to present behaviour of some autochthonous and foreign walnut cultivars in the Romanian
North Eastern area conditions. Studies were done in 2016, having as research material that 14 walnut genotypes which
were in the VIth year after planting grafted on Juglans regia L. as rootstock. Observations and measurements were done
to find the behaviour of the plants in the growth process. The climate factors, the tree vigor through trunk cross-section
area (cm2), tree height (cm), increases (cm) and number of the young shoots were analyzed. The weakestvigor of the
tree showed ‘Sibişel’ (10.9 cm2), ‘Ovidiu’ (11.3 cm2), ‘Geoagiu 65’ (15.5 cm2), ‘Germisara’ (16.7 cm2), ‘Jupâneşti’ (17.1
cm2) and ‘Anica’ (19.5 cm2) with very significant negative differences compared with average variant as control. As the
length of the young shoots, the highest values were registered at ‘Miroslava’ (106 cm) and ‘Velniţa’ (94 cm) genotypes
Ciclul biologic al viermelui merelor -cydia pomonellal., la soiuri de nuc în condiţiile ecositemului pomicol Iaşi
The purpose of this paper is to follow Cydiapomonella's biological cycle with the help of pheromone traps in order to warn the treatments and to know the evolution of the pest in the NE area of Romania in the case walnut tree growing. Another objective pursued is to effectively combat this pest with plant protection substances. The observations were made in 2017, having as research material 14 walnut genotypes, in the 7thyear since planting, being grafted on Juglansregia as rootstock. In case of variant 1 phytosanitary treatments with fungicides and insecticides were carried out and in the second variant (V2) no phytosanitary treatments were carried out, pest control being carried out by biotechnical means, using AtraPom synthetic sex pheromones traps. During this period the climatic factors, which influence the occurrence of the pest, were analyzed. Based on the observations made, the flight curve of the species was drawn in the studied area. Following the monitoring of the C. pomonella, we can warn the treatments according to the number of adults captured, as follows: for the first generation in the period 16-20.05.2017 and for the second generation in the period between June 25thto July 1st