Low-Viscosity Nonaqueous Sulfolane-Amine-Methanol Solvent Blend for Reversible CO2 Capture

In this work, the absorption–desorption performance of CO2 in six new solvent blends of amine (diisopropylamine (DPA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), and ethanolamine (MEA)), sulfolane, and methanol has been monitored using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Additionally, NMR-based species confirmation and solvent viscosity analysis were done for DPA solvent samples. The identified CO2 capture products are monomethyl carbonate (MMC), carbamate, carbonate, and bicarbonate anions in different ratios. The DPA solvent formed MMC entirely with 0.88 molCO2/molamine capture capacity, 0.48 molCO2/molamine cyclic capacity, and 3.28 mPa·s CO2-loaded solvent viscosity. MEA, DEA, DIPA, and MDEA were shown to produce a low or a negligible amount of MMC while AMP occupied an intermediate position.publishedVersio

Simulation of the Pyrolysis Process: from Plastic Waste to Environmental Friendly Fuel

How to deal with plastic waste is an important question, as it may affect both the climate and environment. A method that may be beneficial to dispose some kinds of plastic waste that cannot be material-recycled is thermochemical conversion and, more specifically, pyrolysis. To be able to optimize such a process models are important. This paper describes the results of a study where the main aim was to identify and compare existing published models identifying the important variables regarding the pyrolysis of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), published in open literature, and to compare these methods with experimental data. Several models were found, of which three were chosen for implementation and further evaluation. Two of the methods propose the use of lumped kinetic models to predict the product-composition as a function of time and temperature, while the third method uses also the particle size of the polymer as an input-variable. Comparison with analytical data shows that the models performs well when the assumptions and implications behind them are taken into account

Simulation of the Pyrolysis Process: from Plastic Waste to Environmental Friendly Fuel

How to deal with plastic waste is an important question, as it may affect both the climate and environment. A method that may be beneficial to dispose some kinds of plastic waste that cannot be material-recycled is thermochemical conversion and, more specifically, pyrolysis. To be able to optimize such a process models are important. This paper describes the results of a study where the main aim was to identify and compare existing published models identifying the important variables regarding the pyrolysis of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), published in open literature, and to compare these methods with experimental data. Several models were found, of which three were chosen for implementation and further evaluation. Two of the methods propose the use of lumped kinetic models to predict the product-composition as a function of time and temperature, while the third method uses also the particle size of the polymer as an input-variable. Comparison with analytical data shows that the models performs well when the assumptions and implications behind them are taken into account.Simulation of the Pyrolysis Process: from Plastic Waste to Environmental Friendly FuelpublishedVersio

Simulation of the Pyrolysis Process: from Plastic Waste to Environmental Friendly Fuel

How to deal with plastic waste is an important question, as it may affect both the climate and environment. A method that may be beneficial to dispose some kinds of plastic waste that cannot be material-recycled is thermochemical conversion and, more specifically, pyrolysis. To be able to optimize such a process models are important. This paper describes the results of a study where the main aim was to identify and compare existing published models identifying the important variables regarding the pyrolysis of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), published in open literature, and to compare these methods with experimental data. Several models were found, of which three were chosen for implementation and further evaluation. Two of the methods propose the use of lumped kinetic models to predict the product-composition as a function of time and temperature, while the third method uses also the particle size of the polymer as an input-variable. Comparison with analytical data shows that the models performs well when the assumptions and implications behind them are taken into account

Experimental study of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste components

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel

Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7⁻C12 (gasoline range) and C13⁻C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7⁻C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel

Experimental Design and Modeling for Propylene Oxide - CO2–Poly (Propylene Carbonate) Solutions

In this research, experimental design was used to formulate the empirical models of viscosity and density of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), propylene oxide (PO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) solutions by designing experiments at key values of the process variables; concentration of PPC between 0 to 34% (% w/w), temperature in the reactor between 50 to 75°C, and gas phase manometric CO2 pressure between 20 to 40 bar. A bench scale reactor (2000 ml) comprising an external circulation loop equipped with in-line viscosity and density measurement devices was used to carry out the tests. The results show that the equilibrium viscosity and density of the solution increased with the concentration of PPC and decreased with the pressure and temperature in the reactor. The density model has 2 value close to unity indicating that the model can predict the variation in the density with very high accuracy. In comparison, the viscosity model has a lower 2 value indicating a need for additional experiments to improve the model. However, both empirical models predict the general trends of the density and viscosity characteristics in the selected range and can be used as a viable alternative to thermodynamic models

Low-Viscosity Nonaqueous Sulfolane-Amine-Methanol Solvent Blend for Reversible CO2 Capture

In this work, the absorption–desorption performance of CO2 in six new solvent blends of amine (diisopropylamine (DPA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), and ethanolamine (MEA)), sulfolane, and methanol has been monitored using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Additionally, NMR-based species confirmation and solvent viscosity analysis were done for DPA solvent samples. The identified CO2 capture products are monomethyl carbonate (MMC), carbamate, carbonate, and bicarbonate anions in different ratios. The DPA solvent formed MMC entirely with 0.88 molCO2/molamine capture capacity, 0.48 molCO2/molamine cyclic capacity, and 3.28 mPa·s CO2-loaded solvent viscosity. MEA, DEA, DIPA, and MDEA were shown to produce a low or a negligible amount of MMC while AMP occupied an intermediate position

Low-Viscosity Nonaqueous Sulfolane-Amine-Methanol Solvent Blend for Reversible CO2 Capture

In this work, the absorption–desorption performance of CO2 in six new solvent blends of amine (diisopropylamine (DPA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), and ethanolamine (MEA)), sulfolane, and methanol has been monitored using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Additionally, NMR-based species confirmation and solvent viscosity analysis were done for DPA solvent samples. The identified CO2 capture products are monomethyl carbonate (MMC), carbamate, carbonate, and bicarbonate anions in different ratios. The DPA solvent formed MMC entirely with 0.88 molCO2/molamine capture capacity, 0.48 molCO2/molamine cyclic capacity, and 3.28 mPa·s CO2-loaded solvent viscosity. MEA, DEA, DIPA, and MDEA were shown to produce a low or a negligible amount of MMC while AMP occupied an intermediate position

Measurement of the production cross section of prompt Ξ0c baryons in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum (pT) differential production cross section of the promptly-produced charm-strange baryon Ξ0c (and its charge conjugate Ξ0c¯¯¯¯¯¯) is measured at midrapidity via its hadronic decay into π+Ξ− in p−Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon−nucleon collision sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ0c nuclear modification factor (RpPb), calculated from the cross sections in pp and p−Pb collisions, is presented and compared with the RpPb of Λ+c baryons. The ratios between the pT-differential production cross section of Ξ0c baryons and those of D0 mesons and Λ+c baryons are also reported and compared with results at forward and backward rapidity from the LHCb Collaboration. The measurements of the production cross section of prompt Ξ0c baryons are compared with a model based on perturbative QCD calculations of charm-quark production cross sections, which includes only cold nuclear matter effects in p−Pb collisions, and underestimates the measurement by a factor of about 50. This discrepancy is reduced when the data is compared with a model in which hadronisation is implemented via quark coalescence. The pT-integrated cross section of prompt Ξ0c-baryon production at midrapidity extrapolated down to pT = 0 is also reported. These measurements offer insights and constraints for theoretical calculations of the hadronisation process. Additionally, they provide inputs for the calculation of the charm production cross section in p−Pb collisions at midrapidity