Extraction process optimization of flavonoid and in vitro amylase inhibitory effect of purified quercetin derivative from Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tubers

544-556Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Elephant foot yam) is a prominent tuberous plant utilized across several parts of India to treat various ailments such as a tumour, haemorrhage, microbial infections, cough, bronchitis, diabetes, anaemia, and hepato-gastro and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present study aims to optimize the extraction process of the flavonoid and to study the in vitro amylase inhibitory effect of purified flavonoid moiety. The Shake flask method with different extraction solvents was adopted to quantify the flavonoid content. Central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was formulated to optimize the extraction process. Three-dimensional preparative chromatography (3D PTLC) was executed to purify the flavonoid content and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRLC-MS) was adopted to predict the structure. 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) based spectrophotometry method was used to determine the amylase inhibitory property. All the analyses were subjected to standard statistical tests. The developed model for the extraction optimization process was found to be near significant (P = 0.242) with temperature as a significant variable (P = 0.029), and a 107-fold increase (71.11±0.5 mg/g tissue) of flavonoid content was recorded. A strong yellow colour spot (flavonoid fraction) was eluted using 3D PTLC technique and the molecule was identified as quercetin derivative (m/z 447) by the direct MS method. Significant amylase inhibition (36.1±2.1%) recorded by purified quercetin derivative has documented the utilization of A. paeoniifolius tubers as classical traditional medicine

Vibration control and performance analysis of full car active suspension system using fractional order terminal sliding mode controller

The main goal of introducing Active Suspension System in vehicles is to reduce the vehicle body motion under road obstacles which improves the ride comfort of the passenger. In this paper, the Full Car Model (FCM) with seven Degrees of Freedom is considered and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) and Fractional Order Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (FOTSMC) are designed to enhance the ride quality, stability and passenger comfort for FCM. The designed FOTSMC has the ability to provide higher control accuracy in a finite time. The performances of the designed controllers are evaluated by measuring the vehicle body vibration in both angular and vertical direction under bump input and ISO-8608 random input against passive suspension system. The Frequency Weighted Root Mean Square (FWRMS) and Vibration dose value of Body Acceleration as per ISO-2631 are evaluated for FOTSMC, TSMC and PSS. The stability of the FCM is proved by Lyapunouv theory. Further analysis with sprung mass and speed variation of FCM demonstrate the robustness of proposed controller. To investigate the performances of designed controllers, comparison is made with existing Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) which proves that the designed FOTSMC performs better than existing SMC

Extraction process optimization of flavonoid and in vitro amylase inhibitory effect of purified quercetin derivative from Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tubers

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Elephant foot yam) is a prominent tuberous plant utilized across several parts of India to treat various ailments such as a tumour, haemorrhage, microbial infections, cough, bronchitis, diabetes, anaemia, and hepato-gastro and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present study aims to optimize the extraction process of the flavonoid and to study the in vitro amylase inhibitory effect of purified flavonoid moiety. The Shake flask method with different extraction solvents was adopted to quantify the flavonoid content. Central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was formulated to optimize the extraction process. Three-dimensional preparative chromatography (3D PTLC) was executed to purify the flavonoid content and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRLC-MS) was adopted to predict the structure. 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) based spectrophotometry method was used to determine the amylase inhibitory property. All the analyses were subjected to standard statistical tests. The developed model for the extraction optimization process was found to be near significant (P = 0.242) with temperature as a significant variable (P = 0.029), and a 107-fold increase (71.11±0.5 mg/g tissue) of flavonoid content was recorded. A strong yellow colour spot (flavonoid fraction) was eluted using 3D PTLC technique and the molecule was identified as quercetin derivative (m/z 447) by the direct MS method. Significant amylase inhibition (36.1±2.1%) recorded by purified quercetin derivative has documented the utilization of A. paeoniifolius tubers as classical traditional medicine