Test of the τ-model of Bose–Einstein correlations and reconstruction of the source function in hadronic Z-boson decay at LEP

Bose–Einstein correlations of pairs of identical charged pions produced in hadronic Z decays are analyzed in terms of various parametrizations. A good description is achieved using a Lévy stable distribution in conjunction with a model where a particle’s momentum is correlated with its space–time point of production, the τ-model. Using this description and the measured rapidity and transverse momentum distributions, the space–time evolution of particle emission in two-jet events is reconstructed. However, the elongation of the particle emission region previously observed is not accommodated in the τ-model, and this is investigated using an ad hoc modification

Functioning of family system in pediatric oncology during treatment phase

The study focuses on parents\u2019 psychological implications caused by the treatment of their children su\ufb00ering from tumor. It investigates some speci\ufb01c mothers\u2019 resource factors such as their strategies of coping and the perception of their own family functioning in terms of cohesion and adaptability. The study was performed with 34 mothers of children su\ufb00ering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),duringthetreatmentphase.TheusedtoolsweretheCopingOrientationtoProblem Experienced\u2014New Italian Version, to investigate coping strategies, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III, to analyze both real and ideal perception of family functioning. The data related to coping, show how the involved mothers tend to mainly use the strategies of positive aptitude, orientation toward problem and social support ( F = 99.88, d f= 4, P< .01). The family functioning, in terms of adaptabilit y, is described as chaotic relating to both the real (\u3c72 = 13.29,d f =3, P=.004)andideal(\u3c72=11.52,d f=2, P=.003)family,whereasintermsof cohesion, itisperceivedaschie\ufb02ydisengagedintherealfamily(\u3c72 =12.3,d f=3, P=.006)andasenmeshed in the ideal one (\u3c72 = 12.58, d f= 3, P= .006). Statistically positive correlations were only detected between adaptability and avoidance ( r = 0.49, P< .01); adaptability and orientation toward problem (r = 0.36, P< .05); and adaptability and transcendent orientation ( r = 120.04, P< .05). Despitethecriticalsituation,themothershaveshownoptimisticview,careforproblemmanagementandcapabilitytoaskforhelp.Thesecopingstrategiesallowthetherapeuticalliancebetween families and health care workers, so useful for the quality of childcarThe study focuses on parents\u2019 psychological implications caused by the treatment of their children su\ufb00ering from tumor. It investigates some speci\ufb01c mothers\u2019 resource factors such as their strategies of coping and the perception of their own family functioning in terms of cohesion and adaptability. The study was performed with 34 mothers of children su\ufb00ering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),duringthetreatmentphase.TheusedtoolsweretheCopingOrientationtoProblem Experienced\u2014New Italian Version, to investigate coping strategies, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III, to analyze both real and ideal perception of family functioning. The data related to coping, show how the involved mothers tend to mainly use the strategies of positive aptitude, orientation toward problem and social support ( F = 99.88, d f= 4, P< .01). The family functioning, in terms of adaptabilit y, is described as chaotic relating to both the real (\u3c72 = 13.29,d f =3, P=.004)andideal(\u3c72=11.52,d f=2, P=.003)family,whereasintermsof cohesion, itisperceivedaschie\ufb02ydisengagedintherealfamily(\u3c72 =12.3,d f=3, P=.006)andasenmeshed in the ideal one (\u3c72 = 12.58, d f= 3, P= .006). Statistically positive correlations were only detected between adaptability and avoidance ( r = 0.49, P< .01); adaptability and orientation toward problem (r = 0.36, P< .05); and adaptability and transcendent orientation ( r = 120.04, P< .05). Despitethecriticalsituation,themothershaveshownoptimisticview,careforproblemmanagementandcapabilitytoaskforhelp.Thesecopingstrategiesallowthetherapeuticalliancebetween families and health care workers, so useful for the quality of childcar

Molecular and isotopic composition of free hydrocarbon gases from Sicily, Italy

Chemical and isotopic data have been used as geochemical tracers for a genetic characterization of hydrocarbon gases from a total of eleven manifestations located in Eastern and Central-Southern Sicily (Italy). The molecular analysis shows that almost all the samples are enriched in methane (up to 93.2% Vol.), with the exception of four gas samples collected around Mt. Etna showing high mantle-derived CO2 content. Methane isotope signatures suggest that these are thermogenic gases or a mixture between thermogenic gases and microbial gases. Although samples from some mud volcanoes in Southern Sicily (Macalube di Aragona) show isotope signatures consistent with a mixing model between thermogenic and microbial, by combining the molecular compositions (C-1/(C-2 + C-3)) and the methane isotope ratios (delta(13)C(1)), such a process seems to be excluded. Therefore, the occurrence of secondary post-genetic processes should be invoked. Two main hypotheses have been considered: the first hypothesis includes that the gas is produced by microbial activity and altered post-genetically by microbial oxidation of methane, while according to the second hypothesis thermogenic gas have modified their molecular ratios due to vertical migration

Helium and carbon isotopes in thermal waters of the Jalisco block, Mexico

The Jalisco block is a geologically and tectonically complex part of western Mexico. It is considered a distinct crustal unit bounded toward the mainland by rifting and toward the Pacific ocean by the SW section of the Mid-America trench, a contact between the subducting Rivera plate and the continent. On the basis of chemical, helium, and carbon isotopic analyses of 37 groups of thermal springs widely distributed over the Jalisco block, several major tectonic environments can be distinguished. The highest R= 3He/4He ratios with R/Ra (Ra being the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio) approaching MORB values were observed along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and within the Colima volcanic complex. For springs in the inner part of the block and close to the Pacific coast, including submarine springs at Punta de Mita, typical values were much lower, with R/Ra down to 0.4. A negative correlation between 3He/4He and δ13C of CO2 is suggested to be the result of coupling between radiogenic He and CO2 formed by oxidation of organic-rich sediments. C/3He ratios vary from ~109 for TMVB, typical for volatiles released from the mantle, to > 1011 thus suggesting a substantial addition of carbon from the crust

Study of the solar anisotropy of cosmic ray primaries of about 200 GeV energy with the L3+C muon detector

Context. Primary cosmic rays experience multiple deflections in the non-uniform galactic and heliospheric magnetic fields which may generate anisotropies. Aims. A study of anisotropies in the energy range between 100 and 500 GeV is performed. This energy range is not yet well explored. Methods. The L3 detector at the CERN electron-positron collider, LEP, is used for a study of the angular distribution of atmospheric muons with energies above 20 GeV. This distribution is used to investigate the isotropy of the time-dependent intensity of the primary cosmic-ray flux with a Fourier analysis. Results. A small deviation from isotropy at energies around 200 GeV is observed for the second harmonics at the solar frequency. No sidereal anisotropy is found at a level above 10-4. The measurements were performed in the years 1999 and 2000

Inclusive charged hadron production in two-photon collisions at LEP

Inclusive charged hadron production, e+e−→e+e−h±X, is studied using 414 pb^(−1) of data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 202 GeV. Single particle inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the particle transverse momentum, pt, and pseudo-rapidity, η. For pt⩽1.5 GeV, the data are well described by an exponential, typical of soft hadronic processes. For higher pt, the onset of perturbative QCD processes is observed. The π± production cross section for pt>5 GeV is much higher than the NLO QCD predictions

Muon-pair and tau-pair production in two-photon collisions at LEP

The QED processes e^+e^−→e^+e^−μ^+μ^− and e^+e^−→e^+e^−τ^+τ^− are studied with the L3 detector at LEP using an untagged data sample collected at centre-of-mass energies 161 GeV⩽√s⩽209 GeV. The τ-pairs are observed through the associated decay of one τ into eνν and the other into ππν. The cross sections are measured as a function of √s. For muon pairs, the cross section of the γγ→μ^+μ^− process is also measured as a function of the two-photon centre-of-mass energy for 3 GeV⩽W_(γγ)⩽40 GeV. Good agreement is found between these measurements and th

Soil carbon budget account for the sustainability improvement of a Mediterranean vineyard area

Sustainable viticulture is suggested as an interesting strategy for achieving the objectives of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in terms of mitigation and adaptation. However, knowledge and quantification of the contribution of sustainable vineyard management on climate change impact are needed. Although it is widely assessed by several authors that the agricultural stage has a great impact in the wine chain, very few studies have evaluated the greenhouse gas emission in this phase including the ability of soil to sequester carbon (C) or the off-farm C loss by erosion. This work aimed to provide a vineyard carbon budget (vCB) tool to quantify the impact of grape production on GHG emission including the effects of environmental characteristics and agricultural practices. The vCB was estimated considering four different soil management scenarios: conventional tillage (CT), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species in alternate inter-rows (ACC), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species (CC), permanent cover crop (PCC). The estimation of vCB was applied at territory level in a viticulture area in Sicily (2468 ha of vineyard) using empirical data. Results of the present study showed that the environmental characteristics strongly affect the sustainability of vineyard management; the highest contribution to total CO2 emission is, in fact, given by the C losses by erosion in sloping vineyards. Soils of studied vineyards are a source of CO2 due to the low C inputs and high mineralization rate, except for soil managed by CC which can sequester soil C, contributing positively to vCB. The highest total CO2 emission was estimated in vineyards under CT management (2.31 t ha−1y−1), followed by CC (1.27 t ha−1y−1), ACC (0.69 t ha−1y−1) and PCC (0.64 t ha−1y−1). Findings of vCB applied at territory level highlighted the key role of the evaluation of carbon budget (CB) on a larger scale to identify the CO2 emission in relation to climatic and environmental factors. The present study could contribute to provide suggestions to policymakers and farmers for reducing GHG emissions and promote more sustainable grape production practices