247 research outputs found

    A study of microbiological analysis and its sensitivity pattern of postoperative wound infections in obstetrics and gynecology department: retrospective study in tertiary institute in Mangalore, Karnataka, India

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    Background: Infections acquired in hospitals are classified as nosocomial infections. Most of these infections are related to surgery, usually at the post-operative wound site. It is also termed Surgical Site Infection (SSI). Staphylococcus aureus is the documented most common organism that infect surgical wounds. This study was focused on identifying the most common microorganism documented in post-operative wound sepsis in abdomen hysterectomy surgery of obstetrics and gynaecology in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore. The aim of this study was to identify postoperative infection and to determine their current antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed drugs.Methods: Materials and Methods: This retrospective research was carried out in tertiary hospital with a sample size of 90 wound samples, whose records span from Jan 2014-Jan 2018.  The study involved obtaining records of subjects with cases of contamination and isolation of organisms that frequently infect post-operative wound site in abdomen hysterectomy surgery.Results: A total of 79 bacterial isolates were obtained from 95 wound culture samples. In 41 cases, the isolated culture were mono microbial, 39 cultures were polymicrobial whereas no growth was obtained in 15 cases. The results showed that Staphylococcus Aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (48.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.98%) and E. coli (17.72%).Conclusions: The study is therefore important in identifying those at risk of post-operative wound sepsis and the probable causative organisms. This will be useful in the choice of prophylactic antibiotics for treatment of high-risk patients, thereby setting up an empirical antibiogram for use

    Knowledge, attitudes and practices of breast feeding among lactating mothers in a tertiary care hospital in Dakshina Kannada district: a cross sectional survey

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    Background: Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in the general health and wellbeing of infants. However, this fact has been made to look inconsequential due to various misconceptions and lack of adequate knowledge among lactating mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of breastfeeding among postnatal women in Dakshinakannada district of Karnataka, India. The objective was to educate them and encourage breastfeeding.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey conducted during a period of 2 months from November to January 2019 among 80 postnatal mothers regarding their KAP of breastfeeding. A questionnaire was designed from FAO guidelines for assessing nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices manual and The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes. The data was collected by a single interviewer, collaborated into a 3-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: The study shows that 81.25% of the mothers had good knowledge regarding breastfeeding, but the alarming finding was that 46.6% of them had a neutral attitude towards it.Conclusions: The study showed that there is significant possibility for enhancing breastfeeding practices among lactating mothers by simple provision of supportive prenatal and postnatal counselling. The role played by healthcare workers in this context would be very imperative to accomplish millennium development goals of reducing infant mortality

    Ferry Route Design with MAC Protocol in Delay Tolerant Networks

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    Delay Tolerant Networks(DTNs) are occasionally connected networks. They have high latency, long queuing time, limited resources and intermittent connectivity, which are different from traditional networks. They have been proposed to cope with challenges of communication in some extreme or special environments. Due to uncertainty of node mobility, application traffic demand and other factors, it is difficult to provide performance guarantee for a DTN where all nodes move arbitrarily. With controlled mobility, message ferry can be utilized to guarantee the network performance. MAC protocols developed for duty-cycled networks such as B-MAC,S-MAC, employ an extended preamble introduces X-MAC employs shortened preamble approach that retains the advantages of low power listening, namely low power communication, simplicity and a decoupling of transmitter and receiver schedules. Demonstrate through implementation and evaluation that xmac?s shortened preamble approach significantly reduces energy usage at both transmitter and receiver, reduces per-hop latency

    Laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool in evaluation of female factors in infertility

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    Background: Infertility leads to considerable personal suffering and disruption of family life. According to United Nations "Reproductive health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes". The objective of present study was to find out different causes of female infertility with diagnostic laparoscopy and their comparative frequency in primary and secondary infertility.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted on all infertile women and they underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for primary and secondary infertility during the study period. Couples who had not lived together for at least 12 months, and those with male factor infertility were excluded. Data were collected on a proforma, and analyzed on SPSS package for windows version 10. Frequencies were calculated for laparoscopic findings regarding primary and secondary infertility.Results: Fifty infertile women underwent laparoscopy during the study period, 35 (70%) had primary infertility while 15 (30%) secondary infertility. 10 (28.5%) patients with primary and 3 (20%) patients with secondary infertility had no visible abnormality. The common finding was tubal blockage in 10 (28.5%) and 5 (33.3%) cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. 9 (25.7%) cases of primary infertility were detected as polycystic ovaries (PCO) and 2 (13.3%) in cases of secondary infertility. Endometriosis was found in 1 case with primary infertility and 2 (13.3%) cases with secondary infertility. Fibroid was found in 3 (8.57%) and 1 (6.6%) cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively.Conclusions: Most common causes responsible for infertility were tubal occlusion and polycystic ovary. Infertile couple should be thoroughly investigated. Laparoscopy in infertility can be used for a definitive diagnosis

    Evaluation of antidepressant effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves on Wistar albino rats

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    Background: Depression is one of the common mental disorder prevalent worldwide. Use of herbal medicines in the treatment of depression is becoming popular because of adverse effects of existing non herbal drugs. In this study Psidium guajava leaf aqueous extract is screened for antidepressant activity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats of both sex were used. After performing acute toxicity study, dose of test drug was fixed to 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg. Test and standard drugs were administered for 10 days orally. Standard drug used was Imipramine. Antidepressant activity was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test.Results: Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer. Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves showed significant antidepressant activity. Both Psidium guajava aqueous extract (PGAE)-100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed antidepressant effect but compared to 100mg/kg dose of PGAE, 200mg/kg showed significant antidepressant activity.Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves has antidepressant activity

    Prospective study of contraceptive knowledge among the patients seeking medical termination of pregnancy in 1st and 2nd trimester in a tertiary health care

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    Background: A rapid population growth is a burden on the resources of many developing countries. Unregulated fertility, which contributes to such situations compromise the economic development and political stability.Methods: It was a prospective, observational study over a period of 12 months at Vani Vilas hospital, attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. All patients seeking medical termination of pregnancy in I and II trimester in tertiary health care were evaluated for contraceptive knowledge.Results: Majority of the patients were from 25 – 30 years, educated, and had married life of 5 years, multipara, with no relationship with religion. The major reason for seeking termination of pregnancy was V i.e. failure of contraception. Intrauterine devices are the most popular method of contraception. There were various sources for knowledge.Conclusions: This study concludes that there is considerable level of knowledge and awareness about contraception in the above studied women but actual practice of those methods is low

    Preclinical evaluation of antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of Piper betle leaves in Swiss albino mice

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    Background: There is a growing demand for alternative medicines derived from indigenous plants having natural antioxidants and neuroprotective actions for the treatment of many behavioural disorders such as anxiety and depression. This study was designed to screen antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of Piper betle L. leaf (betel leaf) in Swiss albino mice.Methods: Swiss albino mice of both sexes weighing 25-30grams were used in the present study. Piper betle leaves aqueous extract (PBAE) was administered to the animals at a dose of 100, 200mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. On the 14th day, after 1 hour of PBAE administration, experiments on force swim test (FST) and tail suspension (TST) were carried out for studying the level of depression. In FST and TST, time of immobility was noted for a period of 5 minutes.Results: Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer’s multiple comparison test at P = 0.05. The results were represented as Mean±SE. PBAE at a dose of 100mg/kg has shown significant antidepressant activity, as evidenced by decrease in the immobility time in both the screening tests of depression.Conclusions: Present results demonstrated that PBAE possess potent antidepressant property. The exact mechanism(s) related to the active compound(s) in Piper betle leaf extract have to be elucidated in future studies

    Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in females in the reproductive age group in Kadur, Karnataka, India

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    Background: Bacterial vaginosis, well known as the nonspecific vaginitis is caused by the normal resident flora of the vagina, predominantly by the peroxides producing lactobacillus species, when there is a disparity in their proportion and replaced by Gardinerella vaginalis, Mycoplasm hominis, Mobilunceus species, Bacteroids species, Prevotela species, Fusobacterium species and Porphyromonus species, Peptostreptococcus species.Methods: A cross section study was performed to study the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the reproductive age group women and the associated risk factors. The diagnosis of the vaginosis was made from the smear and Amsle’s clinical criteria.Results: Out of 250 patients 112 (44.8%) were diagnosed to have BV, 20-29-year age group had the largest percentage of infection 69 (61.6%). IUCD users 36 (32.14%) are found to be suffering from BV. Vaginal candidiasis, trichomonas vaginalis and atypical cell of unknown significant was seen in 32 (28.5%), 9 (8.03%) and 17 (15.17%) women respectively.Conclusions: A routine high vaginal swab for smear and culture must be performed for every woman presenting with chronic white discharge and itching, to prevent misuse usage of antibiotic. Further studies are needed to study the associated risk factors for BV
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