Isolated Fallopian tube torsion in a teenager – a case report

Summary Adnexal torsion belongs to the group of urgent cases in gynecology. Early diagnosis and management can prevent the loss of an ovary and the Fallopian tube. The case of the 14.5 year old girl was described by the authors. The symptoms were moderate and caused diagnostics problems. During clinical assessment current literature knowledge, differentiation and treatment of the adnexa were taken into account

Pregnancy in a patient with resistant ovary syndrome – a case report

Abstract Resistant ovary syndrome (ROS) and premature ovarian failure( POF) represent two forms of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Principal symptoms include primary or secondary amenorrhea (before the age of 40 years), low levels of estradiol and elevated FSH (above 40IU/ml) in serum. The main difference is the presence of follicles in ROS which is tantamount to the possibility of pregnancy. We present the case of pregnancy in a 31-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with POF, which was the basis of the final diagnosis of ROS

Features of pubescence in patients with pure gonadal dysgenesis in the course of a hormonally active tumor – case report

Germ cell tumors are the most frequent ovarian neoplasms among girls and young women under the age of 25. Female patients with gonadal dysgenesis are at higher risk of germ cell tumors. Two cases of women with pure gonadal dysgenesis were described. A hormonally active tumor, secreting estrogens, caused the development of sexual features and genital tract bleeding what imitated premature puberty. It needs to be emphasized that the presence of sexual features does not exclude dysgenesis - a pathology that is connected with an increased risk of gonadal tumors - and that the ultrasound evaluation, during which the presence of follicles in gonads is evaluated, is essential.

HE4 tumor marker concentration in neoplastic peritoneal effusion and in peritoneal fluid associated with benign gynecological diseases

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to evaluate the behaviour of the human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in the peritoneal fluid encountered in various female genital diseases. METHODS: We enrolled 139 patients, 40 with ovarian cancer (group I), 82 with benign diseases (group II), and 17 with other malignant neoplasms (group III). The HE4 tumor marker concentrations were determined in serum, in the peritoneal effusion and ovarian cyst/ tumor fluids, CA125 in the serum only. We compared the groups, examined correlations and determined corresponding ROC curves. We evaluated the relationship between the HE4 marker concentration in the peritoneal effusion in the group I, depending on the selected prognostic parameters. RESULTS: The HE4 median value between the study groups did not differ statistically significantly and were as follows: in group I 3322 pmol/L, in the group II 2150 pmol/L and in the group III 627 pmol/L (p = 0.206376 for the groups I and II, p = 0.05929 for the groups I and III and p = 0.0797 for the groups II and III. In group I there were no differences found in the HE4 concentrations in the peritoneal fluid, depending on the stage, grade, the presence of neoplastic cells and the peritoneal dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: The HE4 marker concentrations in the peritoneal fluid are highly irrespective of the pathology observed in the female sexual organ. Therefore, it seems that its determinations in the peritoneal fluid are completely useless in terms of diagnostics. More research is needed on the role of the HE4 marker, especially the place of its formation and possible use in the targeted therapy

Charakterystyka wybranych aspektów klinicznych u kobiet, nosicielek mutacji genu BRCA1 poddanych operacjom profilaktycznym narządu płciowego leczonych uprzednio z powodu raka piersi

Aim: Evaluation of patient age and time of the prophylactic surgery, as well as incidence of genital cancers and precancerous states observed in histopathology of the postoperative material from BRCA1 gene mutation carriers previously treated for breast cancer. Material and methods: 206 carriers of one of the three most common BRCA1 gene mutations (5382insC, C61G and 4153delA) in the Polish population, who were offered the option of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy. The study group comprised 85 patients with the diagnosis of breast cancer before gynecological preventive surgery. The study group was further divided into two subgroups for more detailed assessment of the tested variables. The first subgroup included 67 patients with breast cancer (unilateral or bilateral synchronous). The second subgroup included 18 patients with bilateral metachronous (the second diagnosis of breast cancer was at least 12 months after the first breast cancer diagnosis). The control group consisted of 121 patients with no cancerous lesions before preventive gynecologic surgery. The patients undergoing prophylactic treatment had no prior symptoms in female sexual organ and no changes in the diagnostic tests. Results: The patients with a history of breast cancer underwent genetic testing and preventive surgery of the genital tract at a significantly later age than controls (respectively, p = 0.0003, p = 0.0006). The patients with bilateral metachronous breast cancer underwent preventive surgery significantly earlier (p = 0.03). There was a trend indicating a 2.5 times higher risk of developing ovarian cancer among BRCA1 mutation carriers who had already been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer, when compared to women without breast cancer diagnosis. The incidence of other genital cancers and precancerous states in BRCA1 gene mutation carriers with history of breast cancer was not statistically significant as compared to controls. Data on the clinical stage, morphological grade, histological type, age and type of pathology, and the type of BRCA1 gene mutation did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: Each patient diagnosed with breast cancer should be strongly recommended a genetic test to reduce adverse consequences resulting from postponing the test and, if applicable, the preventive operation until later in life. Preventive surgery should be considered especially in BRCA1 gene mutation carriers previously treated for breast cancer because of the increased risk of ovarian cancer.Cel pracy: Ocena wieku i czasu wykonania operacji profilaktycznej oraz częstości występowania raków i stanów przedrakowych narządu płciowego stwierdzanych w badaniu histopatologicznym materiału pooperacyjnego u pacjentek nosicielek mutacji genu BRCA1 leczonych uprzednio z powodu raka piersi. Materiał i metody: Materiał stanowiło 206 pacjentek nosicielek jednej z trzech najczęstszych mutacji dla populacji polskiej (5382insC, 4153delA i C61G) genu BRCA1 (16), którym przedstawiono jako opcję – zabieg profilaktycznego usunięcie przydatków. U pacjentek wykonano operacje profilaktyczne w okresie od 15.09.1999r. do 31.12.2010r. Były to kolejne nosicielki mutacji pochodzące z województwa zachodniopomorskiego, operowane w Katedrze i Klinice Ginekologii Operacyjnej i Onkologii Ginekologicznej Dorosłych i Dziewcząt PUM w Szczecinie. Wyniki: U pacjentek poddanych zabiegowi profilaktycznemu wcześniej nie stwierdzono jakichkolwiek objawów ze strony narządu płciowego i zmian w badaniach diagnostycznych. Grupę badaną (A) stanowiło 85 pacjentek leczonych przed operacją profilaktyczną z powodu raka piersi. W celu dokładniejszej oceny badanych zmiennych grupę badaną A podzielono dodatkowo na dwie podgrupy: B i C. Do podgrupy B włączono 67 pacjentek z rakiem piersi ( jednej piersi lub obustronnym rakiem - zdiagnozowanym w tym samym czasie). Do podgrupy C włączono 18 pacjentek z obustronnym rakiem piersi zdiagnozowanym w różnym czasie, czas jaki upłynął od pierwszej diagnozy wynosił co najmniej 12 miesięcy). Grupę kontrolną (K) stanowiło 121 pacjentek, u których przed operacją profilaktyczną nie stwierdzono żadnych nowotworów złośliwych. W grupie badanych pacjentek porównywano wiek i czas od podjęcia decyzji dotyczącej zabiegu profilaktycznego do wieku pacjentek i czasu poddania się przez nie operacji. Wnioski: Każdej pacjentce, z rozpoznanym rakiem piersi należy zdecydowanie zaproponować wykonanie badanie genetycznego, aby zmniejszyć niekorzystne tendencje późniejszego zgłaszania się na badania genetyczne i w związku z tym wykonywania operacji profilaktycznej w późniejszym wieku. Wykonanie operacji profilaktycznej szczególnie należy rozważyć u pacjentek, nosicielek mutacji genu BRCA1, leczonych w przeszłości z powodu raka piersi z uwagi na wzrost ryzyka zachorowania na raka jajnika