Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Literacy among Mammography Examinees Using Radiation Dose Distribution in Mammography Examinations

東京都立大学Tokyo Metropolitan University博士（放射線学）doctoral thesi

Spontaneous pleural aspergillosis in an immunocompetent young adult treated with minimally invasive surgery

Spontaneous cases of pleural aspergillosis in healthy adults are rare, and the optimal therapeutic approach has not been established. Here we report a rare case of spontaneous pleural aspergillosis in an otherwise healthy young adult. Two-stage surgery with decortication and cavernostomy, followed by systemic antifungal therapy, finally resulted in a successful resolution of his empyema without any serious complications. In young patients with good pulmonary compliance, less invasive procedures, such as thoracoscopic decortication and/or carvernotomy, is a potential treatment option

Understanding microstructure of the brain by comparison of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) with transparent mouse brain.

Background\nNeurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with the potential to visualize the microstructure of the brain. Revolutionary histological methods to render the mouse brain transparent have recently been developed, but verification of NODDI by these methods has not been reported.\nPurpose\nTo confirm the concordance of NODDI with histology in terms of density and orientation dispersion of neurites of the brain.\nMaterial and Methods\nWhole brain diffusion MRI of a thy-1 yellow fluorescent protein mouse was acquired with a 7-T MRI scanner, after which transparent brain sections were created from the same mouse. NODDI parameters calculated from the MR images, including the intracellular volume fraction (Vic) and the orientation dispersion index (ODI), were compared with histological findings. Neurite density, Vic, and ODI were compared between areas of the anterior commissure and the hippocampus containing crossing fibers (crossing areas) and parallel fibers (parallel areas), and the correlation between fiber density and Vic was assessed.\nResults\nThe ODI was significantly higher in the crossing area compared to the parallel area in both the anterior commissure and the hippocampus (P = 0.0247, P = 0.00022, respectively). Neurite density showed a similar tendency, but was significantly different only in the hippocampus (P = 7.91E−07). There was no significant correlation between neurite density and Vic.\nConclusion\nNODDI was verified by histology for quantification of the orientation dispersion of neurites. These results indicate that the ODI is a suitable index for understanding the microstructure of the brain in vivo

NODDIにおけるintracellular volume fractionの拡散時間依存性

We investigated time dependence changes of intracellular volume fractin (IVCF) and intraneurite volume fraction (INVF) using oscillationg gradient spin-echo sequence. Both ICVF and INVF decreased with longer diffusion time and showed weak correlation with changes of apparent diffusion coefficient.第45回日本磁気共鳴医学会大