Hazard ratio (95% CI) for all-cause mortality by baseline anthropometric indexes.

Hazard ratio (95% CI) for all-cause mortality by baseline anthropometric indexes.</p

Baseline characteristics of participants by gender and survival status.

Baseline characteristics of participants by gender and survival status.</p

Hazard ratio (95% CI) for all-cause mortality by baseline thigh–hip ratio in men by sub-analysis.

Hazard ratio (95% CI) for all-cause mortality by baseline thigh–hip ratio in men by sub-analysis.</p

Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for all-cause mortality according to baseline anthropometric indices by gender.

Thigh–hip ratio yielded the lowest area under the curve (AUC) for male participants, and thigh circumference yielded the lowest AUC for female participants.</p

Area under the curve for all-cause mortality of baseline anthropometric indexes.

Area under the curve for all-cause mortality of baseline anthropometric indexes.</p

STROBE statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies.

STROBE statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies.</p

The minimal anonymized data set necessary to replicate our study findings.

The minimal anonymized data set necessary to replicate our study findings.</p

Flowchart of participants.

Anthropometric evaluation is a simple yet essential indicator of muscle and fat mass when studying life prognosis in aging. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of anthropometric measurements, independent of body mass index, to measures of all-cause mortality. We examined data for 1,704 participants from the 2014 Nomura Cohort Study who attended follow-ups for the subsequent eight years (follow-up rate: 93.0%). Of these, 765 were male (aged 69 ± 11 years) and 939 were female (aged 69 ± 9 years). The Japanese Basic Resident Registry provided data on adjusted relative hazards for all-cause mortality. The data were subjected to a Cox regression analysis, wherein the time variable was age and the risk factors were gender, age, anthropometric index, smoking habits, drinking habits, exercise habits, cardiovascular history, hypertension, lipid levels, diabetes, renal function, and serum uric acid. Of the total number of participants, 158 (9.3%) were confirmed to have died, and of these, 92 were male (12.0% of all male participants) and 66 were female (7.0% of all female participants). The multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that a smaller thigh–hip ratio predicted eight-year all-cause mortality in male participants, but only baseline body mass index was associated with all-cause mortality in female participants. Thigh–hip ratio is a useful predictor of death in Japanese community-dwelling men.</div

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for four categories of thigh–hip ratio by gender.

Thigh–hip ratio showed similar association patterns for both gender groups, and mortality risk was significantly greater for individuals with the smallest category of thigh–hip ratio than for those in all other categories (p < 0.001 for both genders).</p

Baseline anthropometric indices for participants by gender and survival status.

Baseline anthropometric indices for participants by gender and survival status.</p