Dome-type carcinoma of the colon; a rare variant of adenocarcinoma resembling a submucosal tumor: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dome-type carcinoma (DC) is a distinct variant of colorectal adenocarcinoma and less than 10 cases have been described in the literature. Most of the previously reported cases were early lesions and no endoscopic observations have been described so far. We herein report a case of a DC invading the subserosal layer, including endoscopic findings.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A highly elevated lesion in the transverse colon was diagnosed by colonoscopy in a 77-year-old man. The tumor appeared to be similar to a submucosal tumor (SMT), however, a demarcated area of reddish and irregular mucosa was observed at the top of the tumor. There were no erosions or ulcers. Laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy was performed and pathological examination revealed a well-circumscribed tumor invading the subserosal layer. The tumor was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma associated with a dense lymphocytic infiltration and showed expansive growth. The overlying mucosal layer showed high-grade dysplasia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present lesion was diagnosed as a DC of the colon invading the subserosal layer. Because the association of mucosal dysplasia is common in DCs, the detection of dysplastic epithelium would be important to discriminate DCs from SMTs.</p

Experimental Study on Healing of Bone Implants Treated by Heating or Freezing

The aim of this study was to assess the healing response to the bone implants treated by heating or freezing. Allogenic calvarial implants treated by heating at 65℃ for 1 hour, 3 freezes of 3 minutes, or boiling for 10 minutes (65℃, frozen and boiled group respectively) were tested for the potential to fill cranial bone defects of rabbits. Both the 65℃ and frozen groups similarly showed more than 60% of new bone formation in terms of the untreated control. Among the three treatment modalities, boiling presented the most remarkable impairment on the reparative capacity of the implants. The autogenous bone segments reimplanted to their original mandibular sites after treatment by heating at 65℃ using microwave or by freezing were revealed to similarly incorporate to the host bone in dog experiments. In summary, heat treatment at 65℃ for 1 hour is comparable with freeze treatment in terms of preservation of the regenerative potential of bone for simultaneous reimplantation

General Applicability of Synthetic Gene-Overexpression for Cell-Type Ratio Control via Reprogramming

Control of the cell-type ratio in multistable systems requires wide-range control of the initial states of cells. Here, using a synthetic circuit in <i>E. coli</i>, we describe the use of a simple gene-overexpression system combined with a bistable toggle switch, for the purposes of enabling the wide-range control of cellular states and thus generating arbitrary cell-type ratios. Theoretically, overexpression induction temporarily alters the bistable system to a monostable system, in which the location of the single steady state of cells can be manipulated over a wide range by regulating the overexpression levels. This induced cellular state becomes the initial state of the basal bistable system upon overexpression cessation, which restores the original bistable system. We experimentally demonstrated that the overexpression induced a monomodal cell distribution, and subsequent overexpression withdrawal generated a bimodal distribution. Furthermore, as designed theoretically, regulating the overexpression levels by adjusting the concentrations of small molecules generated arbitrary cell-type ratios